美国量子信息科学的政策与挑战  

Policies and Challenges of Quantum Information Science in United States

作　　者：夏方 肖先锋 XIA Fang;XIAO Xianfeng(Supervision Service Center for Science and Technology Funds,Ministry of Science and Technology,Beijing 100038;School of Advanced Manufacturing,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031)

机构地区：[1]科学技术部科技经费监管服务中心,北京100038 [2]南昌大学先进制造学院,南昌330031

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2024年第8期1-7,共7页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：量子信息科学在提高计算能力和安全通信、推动科学发现等方面具有巨大应用潜力。为促进美国量子信息科学领域的发展,美国政府通过行政部门统筹战略规划,以及立法部门出台政策法案,在加大研发投入、促进人才培养、构建创新生态和开展国际合作等方面出台了一系列激励政策措施,但在政策执行中仍面临资金投入未达预期,研究设施不能充分满足科研需求,移民人才政策未与时俱进,缺乏自主供应链、短期实际应用有待加强,研究人员行政负担较重等方面的问题和挑战。从加大政策与资金支持、优化量子信息技术创新生态、加快量子信息科学技术攻关、加强人才自主培育等方面,为中国量子信息科学发展提出政策建议。Quantum information science(QIS)has great potentials in improving computing capability,secure communication,and promoting scientific discovery.To promote the development of QIS in the United States,the government coordinates strategic planning through administrative department and introduces policy acts through national legislature.A series of incentive policies and measures in increasing research and development investment,promoting talent cultivation,building an innovation ecosystem,and carrying out international cooperation have been introduced.However,there are still problems and challenges in QIS policy implementation,such as inadequate funding,limited research facilities,outdated immigration policies,unstable supply chains,inadequate near-term applications,and heavy administrative burdens on researchers.From the perspectives of enhancing policy and financial support,optimizing the innovative ecology of quantum information technology,accelerating scientific and technological breakthroughs in quantum information science and technology,and strengthening the cultivation of talents,this paper puts forward policy recommendations for the development of quantum information science in China.

关 键 词：美国 量子信息科学 国家量子法案 量子研究中心 

分 类 号：G323[文化科学] G327[理学—理论物理] O413[理学—物理]