Three-dimensional reconstruction of Late Miocene Trapa from eastern Zhejiang Province,China:Insights into its phytogeography and evolution  

作　　者：Liang Xiao Man Yuan De-Shuang Ji Li-Yan Guo Xiang-Chuan Li Xing Wang Jia-Nan Wang Jia-Qi Liang Mei-Ting Wang 

机构地区：[1]School of Earth Science and Resources,and Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of the Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi Province,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu Province,China [3]Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,Shaanxi Province,China [4]State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,Shaanxi Province,China

出　　处：《Journal of Palaeogeography》2024年第4期954-970,共17页古地理学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41872017);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD (No.300102272206);the Natural Science Basic Research Program in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No.2023-JC-YB-223)。

摘　　要：Abundant plant fossils were found in the Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation,eastern Zhejiang Province,China,among which Trapa belongs to a dominant population.The fossil fruits of Trapa were well preserved with abundant details.However,due to compaction during fossilization,Trapa fruits were often flattened,leading to the loss of some characteristic features.Thereby,a bias in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies would occur when such studies were based on these fruit fossils.In this study,we present the first quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of compressed Trapa fruit fossils to restore their original morphology prior to burial.This approach provides a novel perspective for the identification and classification of compressed fruit fossils.The three-dimensional reconstruction of Trapa fruit fossils enabled accurate comparisons with extant species.We subsequently identified it as a new species,named Trapa radiatiformis L.Xiao sp.nov.,revealing differences from previously known taxa of Trapa.Importantly,our comparison suggests that the long lower horns and residual stalk may represent inherent characteristics of early Trapa fruits.However,these traits gradually degenerated during fruit evolution,resulting in morphological simplification during geological time.T.radiatiformis with primitive features exhibits good resemblance to Trapa natans fruit characteristics,which means it may be an ancestor of T.natans.We summarize the palaeogeographic distribution of fossil Trapa using previously published literature and demonstrate that the genus was mostprosperous in the Miocene and exhibited the same distribution as that at present.Additionally,through detailed morphological comparisons between Trapa and Hemitrapa fruits,along with phylogenetic analysis within the Primotrapa genus itself,we propose a homology between Trapa and Hemitrapa,suggesting that they could have a common ancestor.

关 键 词：TRAPA Late miocene Shengxian formation Three-dimensional reconstruction Phytogeographic history Evolutionary history 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学] P534.621[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]