“养儿啃老”抑或“养儿啃小”:农村家庭代际关系研究视角转换——基于西部两省的多个案研究  

"The Young Living off the Elderly"or"the Elderly Living off the Young":The Perspective Change of Research on Intergenerational Relations in Rural Families——Based on multiple case studies in two western provinces

作　　者：马光选 MA Guangxuan(School of Marxism,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学马克思主义学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期50-59,共10页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(24XSH026)。

摘　　要：现有对农村家庭代际关系研究的向度主要集中在子代对父代的“啃老”问题上,而父代对子代的“啃小”甚至“坑小”问题却被长期遮蔽和忽视。为了实现农村“代际互动”研究视角从“单向度”走向“双向度”,基于西部地区Y和S两个省的多个案研究,引入宏观层面“国家—家庭”互嵌和微观层面“个体策略主义”等分析框架,发现如果将“啃老”看作是子代“向上”的代际索取过程,“啃小”则是父代“向下”对子代的反向代际索取过程,是农村家庭内部父代面对现代化高风险局面的风险转嫁行为,具体表现为父代对子代的权利剥夺、责任剥夺和人身剥夺等过程,这种家庭的“个体策略”过程内嵌于整个国家的后发现代化实践之中,其行为逻辑与中国社会非均衡性现代化的“国家策略”存在明显的“共生关系”。在社会结构从非均衡走向均衡化、城乡二元对立走向城乡融合的进程中,将“啃小”问题的探讨引向深入,对于有效化解农村社会风险、平稳推进中国式现代化具有积极意义。The current research on the intergenerational relationship of rural families mainly focuses on the problem of"the young living off the elderly",but the problem of"the elderly living off the young"or even"cheating the young"has been covered and ignored for a long time.In order to realize the research perspective of"intergenerational interaction"in rural areas from"one-way"to"two-way",based on multiple case studies of Y and S provinces in western China,this paper introduces analytical frameworks such as"state-family"interpenetration at the macro level and"individual strategy"at the micro level,and finds that if"living off the elderly"is regarded as the intergenerational claiming process of"upward"offspring,"Living off the young"is the reverse intergenerational process of parents"downward"demands on their children and is the risk transfer behavior of parents in rural families in the face of the high-risk situation of modernization,which is specifically manifested in the process of deprivation of rights,responsibility and personal deprivation of the children by their parents.This family's"individual strategy"process is embedded in the late modernization practice of the whole society.There is an obvious"symbiotic relationship"between its behavior logic and the"national strategy"of the unbalanced modernization of Chinese society.At present,in the process of the social structure from the unbalanced to the balanced and the urban-rural dual opposition to the urban-rural integration,the in-depth exploring the"living off the young"problem for the effective resolution of rural social risks,steady promotion of Chinese-style modernization has positive significance.

关 键 词：养儿啃小 养儿啃老 代际关系 策略主义 风险对冲 农村家庭 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]