跨境网络犯罪刑事管辖权:困境、成因与破解  

Criminal Jurisdiction of Cross-border Cybercrime: Dilemmas, Causes and Solutions

作　　者：楼伯坤[1] 李想 LOU Bokun;LI Xiang

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第6期43-56,共14页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：中国法学会部级课题“跨境网络信息犯罪刑事管辖权问题的中国方案”(项目编号:CLS(2021)C13)研究成果。

摘　　要：跨境网络犯罪是互联网结构要素跨越国境或边境的犯罪形式,使得犯罪的主体、行为、对象和结果等涉罪要素的载体处于不同的空间场,为确定刑事管辖权带来了复杂的现实境况,引起多国或多地区的管辖权冲突以及管辖权冲突规则难以协调等问题。究其原因,主要是各国各地区对保护管辖原则的理解僵化、刑事管辖权立法规范适用性不强、司法协作机制不完善所致。为此,中国应当重新解读并践行“双方可罚原则”,在鼓励“进取型管辖”的同时注重保障人权,积极推行适用“行为-结果联系原则”来确定刑事管辖权,以防止出现立法保守下的司法被动局面或者为宣示司法主权的立法过度扩张态势。鉴于此,我国应当尽快与刑事管辖权冲突比较突出的国家和地区缔结以惩治跨境网络犯罪为核心的国际条约、多边协定和司法协助规定,并在国内法中同步转化,以为网络空间命运共同体的构建和我国“十四五”规划中对网络安全治理目标的实现服务。Cross-border cybercrime is a form of crime where the elements of the internet structure cross national or territorial borders,resulting in the carriers of the criminal elements such as the subject,action,object,and result being located in different spatial fields.This presents complex real-world situations for determining criminal jurisdiction,leading to conflicts in jurisdiction and difficulties in coordinating rules for jurisdictional conflicts among multiple countries or regions.The main reasons for this are the rigid understanding of the principle of protective jurisdiction,the lack of applicability of criminal jurisdiction legislative norms,and the imperfection of judicial cooperation mechanisms.To address this,China should reinterpret and practice the'principle of dual punishability',encouraging'offensive jurisdiction'while focusing on human rights protection,and actively apply the'act-result connection principle"to determine criminal jurisdiction to prevent a judicially passive situation under conservative legislation or an overexpansion of legislative power for the purpose of declaring judicial sovereignty.In light of this,our country should quickly conclude international treaties,multilateral agreements,and judicial assistance provisions with countries and regions where conflicts in criminal jurisdiction are more prominent,with the core aim of punishing cross-border cybercrime.These should be synchronized with domestic law,to serve the construction of a cyberspace community with a shared future and the realization of cybersecurity governance goals in China's'Fourteenth Five-Year Plan'.

关 键 词：刑事管辖权 跨境网络犯罪 跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪 双方可罚原则 网络空间命运共同体 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D997.9[政治法律—法学]