323名飞行员历年健康等级、主要疾病谱变化及影响因素分析  

Longitudinal changes in health levels and spectrum of major diseases of 323 pilots and influencing factors analysis

作　　者：骆芝英 张舜 张云兰 邹杰 张荷 王炜芳 肖韵悦 巩艳秋 刘君 张友琴 Luo Zhiying;Zhang Shun;Zhang Yunlan;Zou Jie;Zhang He;Wang Weifang;Xiao Yunyue;Gong Yanqiu;Liu Jun;Zhang Youqin(Third Rehabilitation Zone,Hangzhou Rehabilitation Center for Special Duty Servicemen of the PLA Air Force,Hangzhou 310002,China;Department of Pharmacy,No.903 Hospital of PLA,Hangzhou 310013,China)

机构地区：[1]空军杭州特勤疗养中心疗养三区,杭州310002 [2]解放军联勤保障部队第九〇三医院药剂科,杭州310013

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2024年第5期674-679,共6页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查导致飞行员健康等级下降的主要疾病及影响因素。方法选取2017至2022年在空军杭州特勤疗养中心连续3次疗养的同批次323名飞行员作为研究对象,采用自制健康行为生活方式问卷调查表进行调查,按照《飞行人员体格检查标准(1996年)》对飞行员进行体格检查、健康等级鉴定,确定疾病谱,计算5年血脂(总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、腰围、体重指数变化率(△5),采用Logistic回归分析健康等级下降的影响因素。结果健康等级为甲的比率从86.38%下降为74.00%,等级为乙的比率从12.38%升高到22.91%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.163,15.781,P=0.001,0.003),等级为丙的比率从1.24%升高到3.10%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.440,P=0.179)。健康等级为乙的飞行员的疾病谱主要是老视、屈光不正、颈腰椎间盘突出、肾结石、肝功能异常、高血压、膝关节病、甲状腺功能异常、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、紧张性头痛、心电图异常。老视人数及构成比逐次递增,从10人(25.00%)增加到27人(36.49%);屈光不正第二次鉴定人数最多,增加到9例(15.79%);颈腰椎间盘突出、屈光不正、高血压、肾结石、膝关节病的人数第三次鉴定均高于第一次鉴定,且第三次鉴定新增紧张性头痛及心电图异常等疾病。健康等级为丙的飞行员的疾病谱比较分散。健康等级下降51例(15.79%),等级不变261例(80.80%),等级提高11例(3.41%)。△5胆固醇、每周吃宵夜的天数、不良饮食习惯(饮食喜好生、烫、油腻,吃饭过快,过饱)、睡眠不足是导致健康鉴定等级下降的危险因素(P<0.05);蛋类及蛋制品平均日摄入量、新鲜水果平均日摄入量、饮水平均日摄入量是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论飞行员健康等级下降率较高,与胆固醇变化率、不良饮食习惯、睡眠情况密切相关。Objective To investigate the major diseases and influencing factors that lead to the decline of pilots’health levels.Methods A batch of 323 pilots who recuperated in Hangzhou Special Duty Servicemen Rehabilitation Center for 3 consecutive times in 2017–2022 were selected as the research subjects.A self-made healthy behaviors and lifestyle questionnaire was used for the survey.In accordance with the"Standards for Physical Examination of Flight Personnel(1996)",the pilots were physically examinedand their health levels were graded,and the spectrum of disease was determined.The change rate of 5-years blood lipids(including cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,and low-density lipoprotein),waist circumference,and body mass index were calculated.The influencing factors of health level decline were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results The proportion of health level-A decreased from 86.38%to 74.00%,the proportion of health level-B increased from 12.38%to 22.91%,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.163,15.781,P=0.001,0.003).The proportion of health level-C increased from 1.24%to 3.10%,with no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=3.440,P=0.179).The spectrum of diseases of the pilots with health level-B mainly included presbyopia,refractive error,cervical and lumbar disc herniation,kidney stones,liver dysfunction,hypertension,knee osteoarthritis,thyroid dysfunction,sleep apnea syndrome,tension-type headache,and electrocardiogram abnormalities.The number and proportion of the pilots with presbyopia had progressively increased,from 10(25.00%)to 27(36.49%);the number of pilots with refractive error identified at the second evaluation increased to the maximum of 9,accounting for 15.79%;the numbers of patients with cervical and lumbar disc herniation,refractive error,hypertension,kidney stones,and knee osteoarthritis in the third evaluation were all higher than those in the first evaluation,and some new diseases such as tension-type headache and electrocardiogram abnor

关 键 词：健康等级 疾病谱 生活方式 飞行员 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]