地下水生态系统健康评价研究进展  

Research Progress in Groundwater Ecosystem Health Assessment

作　　者：邹一飞 许明家[3] 丁爱中[1,2] 金乃夫 杨凯 杨庆 朱宜[1] 郑蕾[1] 金喜来[3] ZOU Yifei;XU Mingjia;DING Aizhong;JIN Naifu;YANG Kai;YANG Qing;ZHU Yi;ZHENG Lei;JIN Xilai(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Engineering Reaserch Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation Ministry of Education,Beijing 100875,China;Water Information Center of Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]教育部地下水污染控制与修复工程研究中心,北京100875 [3]水利部信息中心,北京100053

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第11期2341-2351,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(No.8232037)。

摘　　要：地下水生态系统为人类提供众多宝贵的服务,如水资源供给、水质净化、洪涝灾害调节等,其健康对于人类福祉至关重要。开展地下水生态系统健康评价不仅对揭示系统的内在机制具有重要意义,且能为地下水资源保护与修复提供理论依据。本文介绍了地下水生态系统的组成、功能以及所面临的威胁,梳理了地下水生态系统健康评价的发展历程、方法、指标与流程框架。通过对比分析现有的研究成果,总结了评价理论和方法中存在的科学问题,并对未来评价方法的发展趋势进行了展望。结果表明:①当前地下水生态系统健康评价方法主要有多指标综合评价法、生物指示法、证据权重法,其中多指标综合评价法最有助于全面地了解地下水生态系统健康状况。②当前研究中评价指标的选取缺少固定的标准,存在一定的主观性,限制了不同评价之间的可比性。③以往研究中所选取的指标可以分为理化指标、生态指标、社会指标3个方面,未来研究可以制定固定标准从上述三方面对地下水生态系统健康进行评价。建议在未来的工作中增加地下水基础数据的采集频次和覆盖范围,并积极进行学科交叉,引入机器学习、大语言模型等技术,降低地下水生态系统健康评价中的主观性,实现评价的准确化、客观化、智能化。Groundwater ecosystems provide many essential services critical to human life,such as supplying clean water,purifying water quality,and mitigating flood disasters.Conducting health assessment of groundwater ecosystems is significant,as it unravels the intrinsic dynamics of these systems and provides a scientific foundation for the conservation and remediation of groundwater resources.This paper offers an overview of the composition and functions of groundwater ecosystems,as well as the threats they face.It presents a systematic elucidation of the development history,methods,selected indicators,and structured frameworks in groundwater ecosystem health assessment.By comparing and analyzing existing research results,this paper summarizes the scientific challenges in evaluation theories and methods and anticipates future trends in evaluation methods.The results indicate that:(1)Current groundwater ecosystem health evaluation methods primarily include multi-index comprehensive evaluation methods,indicator species methods and weights-of-evidence methods,with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method being the most effective for understanding the health status of groundwater ecosystems.(2)In the current research,there is a lack of standard criteria for the selection of evaluation indicators.The subjective nature of indicator selection across studies introduces variability that impedes the comparability of findings,thereby limiting the generalizability of research outcomes.(3)The indicators selected in previous studies can be categorized into physical and chemical indicators,ecological indicators,and social indicators.Future research should focus on developing standard criteria to evaluate groundwater ecosystem health from these three perspectives.Future endeavors in groundwater ecosystem health assessment should enhance data acquisition by increasing the frequency and spatial scope of groundwater data collection.It is important to foster interdisciplinary collaboration,integrating cutting-edge technologies such as

关 键 词：地下水生态系统 生态系统健康评价 指标体系 生态指标 地下水微生物 地下水中水生动物 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]