我国固体废物风险防控标准体系发展概况与展望  

Progress and Suggestions on the Construction of Solid Waste Risk Prevention and Control Standard System

作　　者：高耀 周梦婷 徐亚[1,3] 刘景财 刘玉强[1] GAO Yao;ZHOU Mengting;XU Ya;LIU Jingcai;LIU Yuqiang(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Research Institute of Solid Waste Management,Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;Key Laboratory of Industrial Waste Recycling and Regulation,Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012 [2]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [3]甘肃省工业废弃物循环与调控重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第11期2569-2578,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFC3708902);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究计划项目(No.2022YRUC010303)。

摘　　要：固废治理是深入打好污染防治攻坚战、助力美丽中国建设的重要任务,固废风险防控标准对固废治理具有引领、示范等多重作用。近年来,我国固废标准制修订进程加速,标准数量大幅增加,需要通过系统梳理,阐明现行标准体系组成和发展脉络,识别存在的短板和问题,提出进一步优化完善的方向和路径。本文在系统概述了目前我国固废产生和处理处置现状基础上,梳理了固废标准体系建设进展和总体情况。结果表明:近10年来,我国固废相关标准制修订次数达60次,标准数量也增加了57项。截至2023年,我国固废标准数量已达到104项,其中现行有效的标准84项,覆盖固体废物产生、贮存等全过程环境管理环节,涉及近40类固体废物,地方标准也大量涌现,增至50余项,基本上形成了以通用国家标准为纲的四级四类固废环境管理标准体系。从具体进展来看,分区分类差异化精细管控不断深入,风险全过程防控标准网络逐渐织密,倒逼产业结构调整与优化效能凸显;然而在新形势、新使命和新要求下,固废风险防控标准体系建设仍存在系列问题,建议通过建立固废风险管控基准完善标准,通过严格标准倒逼源头分类处理及高值利用,进一步提升分级分类精细化管理水平以及进一步织密全过程风险防控标准体系,全面防范固废环境污染风险。Solid waste treatment is crucial for advancing pollution prevention and control and supporting the construction of a‘beautiful China’.Solid waste risk prevention and control standards have multiple functions such as leading and demonstrating solid waste treatment.In recent years,the development and revision of solid waste standards in China have accelerated significantly,and the number of standards has increased significantly.It is necessary to clarify the composition and development of the current standard system,identify the shortcomings and problems,and put forward the direction and pathways of further optimization and improvement through a systematic review.This paper provides an overview of the current state of solid waste generation and treatment in China and outlines the progress in the development of a solid waste standard system.The results show that in the past 10 years,there have been 60 revisions of solid waste related standards,and the number of standards has increased by 57.By 2023,the number of solid waste standards in China has reached 104,of which 84 are currently effective,covering the whole process of environmental management such as solid waste generation and storage,involving nearly 40 types of solid waste.Additionally,over 50 local standards have also been introduced,basically forming a four-level,four-category solid waste environmental management standard system based on general national standards.From the perspective of specific progress:the fine management and control of partition classification differentiation is deepening;the whole process of risk prevention and control standard network is more complete;the industrial structure adjustment and optimization efficiency are highlighted.However,in light of new challenges,new mission and new requirements,there are still a series of problems in the development of solid waste risk prevention and control standard system.It is recommended to improve the standards by establishing solid waste risk management and control benchmarks,enforcing str

关 键 词：固体废物 污染防治 标准体系 固废管理 

分 类 号：X327[环境科学与工程—环境工程]