2023—2024年西安市某医院儿童呼吸道病原体流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children at a hospital in Xi’an from 2023 to 2024

作　　者：肖洋 杨尚栋 习文 刘军辉[1] 王方 XIAO Yang;YANG Shangdong;XI Wen;LIU Junhui;WANG Fang(Department of Clinical Laboratory,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院检验科,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2024年第6期999-1006,共8页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81600134)。

摘　　要：目的分析2023年7月—2024年6月西安交通大学第一附属医院疑似急性呼吸道感染(ARIS)儿童的病原类型及流行病学特征,为儿童呼吸道感染疾病的精确诊疗及预防控制提供依据。方法采集研究时间段内来院就诊的患儿咽拭子标本共计12169例,其中男性患儿6535例,女性患儿5634例,年龄M(Q1,Q3)为6(3,9)岁,应用多重实时荧光定量PCR技术对样本进行6种呼吸道病原体核酸检测。按照性别和年龄进行分组研究,采用χ^(2)检验进行各组间的差异分析,并从时间维度和感染类型角度探究呼吸道病原体的流行特征。结果12169例样本中共检出呼吸道病原体8241例(67.72%),其中病原体单一感染检出6823例(56.07%),多重感染检出1418例(11.65%)。肺炎支原体(MP)检出率位居首位,为21.81%。6种病原体中,仅鼻病毒(HRV)在性别差异上有统计学意义(P=0.003)。不同年龄组病原体检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),6~14岁组检出率最高(72.49%)。在每月病原体检出率方面,各病原体检出率在不同月份之间均具有统计学差异(均P<0.001),除HRV全年具有2个检出率高峰外,其他5种病原体仅具有1个检出率高峰且高峰月份并不完全重叠。各年龄组每月病原体检出率表现出与总体基本一致的变化趋势,但在全年各个月份,腺病毒(ADV)和MP在3~14岁年龄段均表现出较高的检出率,与之相反呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)在<3岁年龄段表现出较高的检出率。在8241例呼吸道病原体感染的患儿中,15种双重感染类型的占比情况具有统计学差异(P<0.001),其中ADV+MP双重感染类型占比最高(4.02%)。各年龄组在双重感染类型占比中具有明显差异,HRV+RSV在<1岁组(1.55%)和1~<3岁组(1.77%)均为占比最高的双重感染类型,而ADV+MP则在3~<6岁组(2.94%)和6~14岁组(5.26%)为占比最高的双重感染类型。结论2023—2024年西安地区儿童呼吸道感染以单一病原体感染类型为主,其中MP检出率最高�Objective To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of suspected acute respiratory tract infection(ARIS)in children at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from July 2023 to June 2024,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of children in this area.Methods A total of 12169 throat swab samples were collected from children with ARIS during this period,including 6535 male children and 5634 female children,with an age of M(Q 1,Q 3)of 6(3,9)years old.Six types of respiratory pathogens were detected by multiple real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The children were grouped according to sex and age.Differences among groups were analyzed byχ^(2) test,and epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens were explored from the perspectives of time dimension and infection type.Results Among the 12169 samples,8241 were positive for six respiratory pathogens with a positive rate of 67.72%of which 6823(56.07%)were detected with single infection and 1418(11.65%)were detected with multiple infection.The detection rate of mycoplasma pneumonia(MP)ranked first(21.81%).Among the six pathogens,only human rhinovirus(HRV)showed statistically significant differences in gender(P=0.003).There were significant differences in the pathogens detection rate between the age groups(P<0.001),with the highest pathogens detection rate in the 6-14 years of age group(72.49%).In terms of monthly pathogen detection rate,there showed statistical differences between different months(P<0.001);except HRV,which had two peak detection rates throughout the year,the other five pathogens had only one peak detection rate and the peak months were not completely overlapping.The monthly pathogen detection rate in each age group showed a trend consistent with the overall trend,but in all months of the year,adenovirus(ADV)and MP showed higher detection rates in the age group of 3-14 years,while respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)showed higher detection rates in the age group of<3 years.Among 8241 childr

关 键 词：急性呼吸道感染(ARIS) 呼吸道病原体 儿童 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]