苗龄和多效唑处理对非洲角瓜砧木嫁接甜瓜接穗苗生长的影响  

Effects of seedling age and paclobutrazol treatment on the growth of mel-on scion seedlings grafted onto African horned melon rootstock

作　　者：王建国 张浩 田伴旅 张学军[3] 别之龙[1] 胡甲魁 黄远[1] WANG Jianguo;ZHANG Hao;TIAN Banlü;ZHANG Xuejun;BIE Zhilong;HU Jiakui;HUANG Yuan(College of Horticulture&Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Hainan Sanya Crop Breeding Experimental Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572022,Hainan,China;Hami Melon Research Center,Xinji-ang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Xizang Detang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Develop-ment Co.,Ltd,Shannan 856000,Xizang,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]新疆农业科学院海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚572022 [3]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]西藏德堂农牧产业发展有限公司,西藏山南856000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第11期81-85,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：西藏山南市科技计划项目(SNSBJKJJHXM2023004);湖北省重点研发计划(2023BBB033);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662022YLYJ010);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B59);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021005);海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202141)。

摘　　要：甜瓜是一种重要的园艺作物,生产上常采用抗性砧木嫁接解决土壤连作障碍问题。甜瓜属植物非洲角瓜具有高抗南方根结线虫的特性,但植株茎秆细小,不利于嫁接操作。研究非洲角瓜ZM4砧木苗龄和多效唑处理对甜瓜嫁接苗生长的影响,以获取最佳嫁接苗龄和多效唑浓度。结果表明,非洲角瓜ZM4砧木在3叶1心时株高、茎粗和嫁接速度均显著大于1叶1心和2叶1心处理,3叶1心时嫁接甜瓜接穗鲜质量、茎粗、株高和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)在3个苗龄中均最高。采用75 mg·L^(-1)多效唑喷施非洲角瓜ZM4砧木,嫁接甜瓜接穗的株高、茎粗和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)显著高于0、50和100 mg·L^(-1)处理。综上所述,与其他苗龄相比,砧木苗龄控制在3叶1心时,可以显著缩短嫁接时间,促进接穗生长。此外,在砧木3叶1心嫁接时,与其他浓度相比,叶片喷施75 mg·L^(-1)的多效唑可以显著增加茎粗,既有利于嫁接操作,也可以促进接穗生长。研究结果为抗南方根结线虫的非洲角瓜砧木在甜瓜嫁接中的应用提供了技术参数。Melon is an important horticultural crop.Grafting onto resistant rootstock is a common method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacle.African horned melon(Cucumis metuliferus),a species of the genus Cucumis,has high resistance to southern root knot nematodes,but it is not convenient to be grafted as a rootstock since the small stem,and the improved seedling production technique of plants grafted onto african horned melon is lacking.This study investigated the effects of different ages of african horned melon ZM4 rootstock and the application of exogenous paclobutrazol on the growth of grafted melon seedlings,in order to obtain the optimal grafting age and paclobutrazol concentration.The results showed that ZM4 rootstock had the highest plant height,stem diameter,leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD)and grafting speed at the age of three true leaves than at the age of one and two true leaves,the value of scion fresh mass,stem diameter and height of melon grafted onto ZM4 rootstock at the age of three true leaves was the highest among the three ages.The value of height,stem diameter,and leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD)of melon grafted onto ZM4 rootstock spraying with 75 mg·L^(-1)paclobutrazol was significantly higher than spraying with 0,50,and 100 mg·L^(-1).In summary,compared with other ages,the age of three true leaves for the african horned melon rootstock can significantly shorten grafting time and enhance the scion growth,in addition,at the age of one true leaf for the african horned melon rootstock,compared with other concentrations,75 mg·L^(-1)paclobutrazolis spraying can significantly increase stem diameter,which is not only con-venient for the grafting operation,but also enhance scion growth.The above results provide technical parameters for the application of southern root knot nematodes resistant horned melon rootstock in melon grafting.

关 键 词：甜瓜 非洲角瓜 砧木 多效唑 种苗 生长 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]