茄果类蔬菜矿质元素特征分布与膳食风险评估  

Distribution of mineral elements characteristics and dietary risk assess-ment in solanaceous vegetables

作　　者：时鹏涛[1] 张莉娟 李今朝 韦璐阳[1] 张宇[1] 罗景文 杨秀娟[1] SHI Pengtao;ZHANG Lijuan;LI Jinzhao;WEI Luyang;ZHANG Yu;LUO Jingwen;YANG Xiujuan(Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agricultural Product(Nanning),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits/Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning 530001,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(南宁)·农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室·广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室·广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第11期114-121,共8页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP20230604)。

摘　　要：为了探究广西市售茄果类蔬菜矿质元素含量特征和食用安全性,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了150份茄果类蔬菜样品中7种矿质元素(Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Co、Ni)和5种常见危害重金属(Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr)含量并进行主成分分析及健康风险评估。结果表明,茄果类蔬菜中7种矿质元素平均含量排序为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Co,变异系数介于44.7%(Fe)~247.8%(Ni),不同样品之间矿质元素含量差异较大;辣椒中6种矿质元素(Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Co)含量均最高。主成分分析结果显示,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co和Ni是广西市售茄果类蔬菜的特征无机元素,提取了2个主成分,累积方差贡献率为99.983%。茄果类蔬菜矿质元素综合得分排序为辣椒>番茄>茄子,表明辣椒中的有益矿质元素含量相对较高。茄果类蔬菜中5种重金属含量均未超过国家标准限量值,但存在Cd超标情况,辣椒、番茄和茄子超标率分别为10.4%、10.3%和8.0%。5种重金属对不同人群的目标危害系数(Target Hazard Quotient,THQ)和综合目标危害系数(Total Target Hazard Quotient,TTHQ)均远小于1。总体而言,儿童或成人食用广西市售茄果类蔬菜的膳食健康风险较低,处于安全级;但Cd是今后茄果类蔬菜需要重点监控的重金属污染因子。To investigate the mineral element content characteristics and food safety of solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine the content of 7 mineral ele-ments(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Mo,Co,Ni)and 5 common harmful heavy metals(Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cr)in 150 samples of solana-ceous vegetables,and principal component analysis and health risk assessment were conducted.The results showed that the average content of seven mineral elements in solanaceous vegetables was ranked as follows:Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mo>Co,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 44.7%(Fe)to 247.8%(Ni).There are significant difference in the mineral element content of different solanaceous vegetables samples.The content of six mineral elements(Fe,Zn,Ni,Mn,Cu,Co)in chilli pepper is the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Co and Ni are characteristic inorganic elements of solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi.Two principal components were extracted,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 99.983%.The comprehensive score ranking of mineral elements in solana-ceous vegetables is:chili pepper>tomato>eggplant.It indicated that the content of beneficial mineral elements in chili pepper is relatively high.The average content of five heavy metals in solanaceous vegetables did not exceed the national standard limit,but there were cases of Cd exceeding the standard,with an overall exceeding rate of 10.0%.Among them,the exceeding rates of chilli pepper,tomato,and eggplant were 10.4%,10.3%,and 8.0%,respectively.The ranking of the target hazard quotient(THQ)and total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)of the five heavy metals for different populations are far less than 1.Overall,the dietary health risks of children or adults consuming solanaceous vegetables sold in Guangxi are relatively low and at a safe level.But Cd is a heavy metal pollution factor that needs to be closely monitored in solana-ceous vegetable in the future.

关 键 词：茄果类蔬菜 矿质元素 重金属 主成分分析 风险评估 

分 类 号：S641[农业科学—蔬菜学]