植物基人造肉碳排放量追踪及其减排策略  

Tracing and Reduction Strategy of Carbon Emissions from Plant-Based Meat

作　　者：陈芊舟 吴雁资 范方辉 CHEN Qianzhou;WU Yanzi;FAN Fanghui(Department of Food Science and Engineering,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Starfield Food Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学化学与环境工程学院食品科学与工程系,广东深圳518060 [2]深圳市星期零食品科技有限公司,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2024年第22期160-171,共12页Food Research and Development

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金-面上项目(2022A1515011520);中医药生物新材料关键技术研究与智能装备开发学科交叉创新团队项目(GZKJ2303)。

摘　　要：该研究使用生命周期法(life cycle assessment,LCA)全面计算5种植物基人造肉制品[牛肉饼(artificial beef patties,BPa)、熏牛肉片(artificial pastrami slices,PSa)、切片火腿(artificial sliced ham,SHa)、狮子头(artificial stewed meatball,SMa)和香脆鸡排(artificial crispy cutlets,CCa)]的总碳与单位碳排放量,并与相应养殖肉产品进行综合比较。研究结果显示,5种植物基人造肉制品的总碳减排量分别为45.20、34.06、3.61、3.23、2.87 kg CO_(2)e,平均减排效果超过78%。5种植物基人造肉制品的总碳排放量(total carbon emissions,TCE)远小于养殖肉产品。此外,植物基人造肉与养殖肉在原材料获取环节产生的单元碳排放量(unit carbon emissions,UCE)均大于生产加工和分销运输环节。其中,植物基人造肉原料获取环节的UCE主要由其他原料、植物蛋白生产和化肥产生构成,而养殖肉原料获取环节的UCE主要由饲料排放构成。综上,借助植物基人造肉来代替养殖牛肉的减碳效果最好,养殖肉生产可以通过改进养殖方式、更换饲料种类和粪污处理技术方式实现进一步减碳减排。The life cycle assessment(LCA)was employed to comprehensively calculate the total and per-unit carbon emissions of five plant-based meat products[artificial beef patties(BPa),artificial pastrami slices(PSa),artificial sliced ham(SHa),artificial stewed meatball(SMa),and artificial crispy cutlets(CCa)].The results were then compared with the carbon emissions from the corresponding farmed meat products.The re-sults demonstrated that the total carbon reduction of the five plant-based meat products were 45.20,34.06,3.61,3.23,and 2.87 kg CO_(2)e,respectively,with an average reduction effect exceeding 78%.The total carbon emissions(TCE)of the five plant-based meat products were significantly lower than those of farmed meat prod-ucts.Additionally,the unit carbon emissions(UCE)generated during the raw material acquisition phase were greater than those in the production,processing,and distribution stages of both artificial and farmed meat.The UCE in the raw material acquisition phase of plant-based meat was mainly from other materials,plant protein production,and fertilizer use,while that in farmed meat primarily stemmed from feed emissions.In summary,replacing farmed beef with plant-based meat achieved the most significant carbon reduction.Further carbon emission reduction in natural meat production can be achieved by improving farming practices,altering feed types,and advancing manure treatment technologies.

关 键 词：植物基人造肉 养殖肉 碳排放量计算 生命周期评价法(LCA) 减排策略 

分 类 号：TS219[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]