耐低温降解菌Bacillus mobilis10的生物学特性及其对海参养殖水质的净化作用  

Biological Characteristics and Application in Water Purification in Sea Cucumber Culture Ponds in Cryotolerant Degrading Bacterium Strain Bacillus mobilis 10

作　　者：汤伟 王祺 张军 李佳欣 邢炜 何增国 TANG Wei;WANG Qi;ZHANG Jun;LI Jiaxin;XING Wei;HE Zengguo(Marine Microbiology Engineering Research and Development Center,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao,Qingdao 266100,China;School of Medicine and Pharmacy,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Qingdao Bioantai Biotechnology Limited Company,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋生物医药研究院海洋微生物工程研发中心,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学医药学院,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛百奥安泰生物科技有限公司,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第6期885-893,共9页Fisheries Science

基　　金：泰山产业领军人才工程专项(tscy202006017);青岛海洋生物医药研究院大健康项目(HYJK2021009)。

摘　　要：以分离自沿海土壤中的1株芽孢杆菌10为试验对象,研究其在低温条件下(15℃)的生物学特性,实现该菌剂的中试工程化生产以及在海参养殖中对水质净化的示范应用。该菌株通过形态观察及16S rRNA基因序列分析被鉴定为Bacillus mobilis。15℃,经透明圈法确定该菌株具有蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性和纤维素酶活性;发酵56 h蛋白酶活性达到9.05 U/mL;在8%质量分数NaCl条件下仍可以存活。利用海参饵料培养基检测菌株对溶解物的降解能力,试验结果显示,B.mobilis 10接种8 h后对饵料培养基中蛋白的降解率达(36.72±0.53)%,对化学需氧量的清除率达(22.80±0.81)%。中试规模(50 L)发酵制备微生物制剂并以终密度约1.0×10^(4)cfu/mL的菌液泼洒海参池,对水体中B.mobilis 10的活菌数、pH、蛋白质含量及化学需氧量进行为期8 d的动态监测,结果表明,以B.mobilis 10制备的微生物制剂能够显著降低海参养殖水体中蛋白和化学需氧量,起到净化水质的目的。试验结果可为水产生态养殖及微生物制剂的开发提供理论基础和应用示范实例。A bacterium strain collected from the coastal soil of Qingdao was isolated and purified after 48 h of culture at 15°C with 7 media,and was identified as Bacillus mobilis by morphological observation,physicochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.The strain was inoculated into LB liquid culture at 5,28 and 37°C and 0,2%,4%,6%and 8%of NaCl to explore the temperature and salinity tolerance of the B.mobilis,and the strain was sprayed once every 3 days in a sea cucumber Apostichopus japanicus seedling pond with a final concentration of about 1.0×10^(4)cfu/mL to purify the water quality in the sea cucumber culture pond,so as to realize the industrialization of this strain.The transparent circle method showed that B.mobilis 10 produced protease,amylase and cellulase activities at low temperature conditions(15°C),with protease activity of 9.05 U/mL after 56 h of fermentation and NaCl tolerance of up to 8%.The test of degradation ability of the strain to dissolved substances showed that the degradation rate in the feed culture medium was observed to be(36.72±0.53)%in protein and(22.80±0.81)%in(chemical oxygen demand)COD using sea cucumber feed culture medium,8 h after inoculation.Pilot-scale(50 L)fermentation techniques was established to microbial preparation,and applied in the sea cucumber breeding.Dynamic monitoring of the bacterial activity of B.mobilis 10 in sea cucumber culture ponds for 8 days revealed that both the contents of protein and COD in sea cucumber ponds were significantly reduced by sprinkling the bacterial solution with the final concentration of 1.0×10^(4)cfu/mL.The findings had exemplified the successful exploration case regarding the development of microbial products for use in aquaculture practice.

关 键 词：低温菌 Bacillus mobilis 生物学特性 海参养殖 水质净化 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]