长距离泵站水锤分析及管线布置对水锤的影响  

Analysis of water hammer phenomena in long-distance pumping stations and impact of pipeline configuration on its occurrence

作　　者：赵斌 胡斌超 刘有亮 史广泰 王继堂 ZHAO Bin;HU Binchao;LIU Youliang;SHI Guangtai;WANG Jitang(Gansu Water Resources and Hydroelectric Investigation&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610039,China;Shaanxi Aerospace Power Hi-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730000 [2]西华大学能源与动力工程学院,四川成都610039 [3]陕西航天动力高科技股份有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第11期1112-1119,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金资助项目(24NSFJQ0097)。

摘　　要：针对长距离供水工程中泵站事故停泵后管线后段负压成常态的问题,以甘肃某水库临库取水泵站为背景,建立了水锤基本方程、液控止回偏心半球阀和空气罐等数学模型.采用特征线法分析了泵后工作阀关闭规律以及增设空气罐和改变管线布置形式对水锤的影响.实例分析表明:泵后工作阀的关闭规律对管线负压的影响较小;管线出现“瞬时负压”在一些情况下可以忽略其对管道的危害;空气罐能够较好地解决长距离供水工程中泵站后段管线在设置一定数量的空气阀后依然无法消除“瞬时负压”的缺陷;改变管线布置形式对管线负压极值的影响较小,呈直线形式的水锤最大压力明显大于高低起伏形式的管线,采用先缓后陡的管线布置形式能够缩短负压发生的区域.研究结果可为长距离供水工程水锤防护设计提供一定参考.To address the issue of abnormal negative pressure occurring in the rear section of pipelines following pumping station incidents in long-distance water supply projects,a mathematical model was developed.This model is grounded in the fundamental water hammer equation and incorporates the dynamics of a hydraulic check eccentric hemispherical valve and an air tank,as applied to a temporary water intake pump station situated in a reservoir in Gansu Province.The method of characteristics was employed to investigate the closure dynamics of the working valve post-pump,in addition to assessing the effects of incorporating an air tank and modifying the pipeline configuration on the phenomenon of water hammer.The case analysis indicates that the closure law of the working valve subsequent to the pump exerts a relatively minor influence on the negative pressure within the pipeline.In certain scena-rios,the occurrence of″instantaneous negative pressure″in pipelines can be considered negligible,and its detrimental effects on the pipeline infrastructure can be disregarded.Additionally,air tanks have been demonstrated to effectively mitigate the issue of″instantaneous negative pressure″in the pipeline systems of pump stations involved in long-distance water supply projects,even when a specific number of air valves have already been installed.The influence of modifications to the pipeline configuration on the extreme negative pressure within the pipeline is comparatively minor.The peak pressure resulting from water hammer in a linear pipeline configuration is substantially higher than in pipelines characte-rized by significant undulations.Implementing a pipeline design that begins with a gentle gradient and subsequently steepens can reduce the region affected by negative pressure.These research findings offer valuable insights for the design of water hammer protection in long-distance water supply systems.

关 键 词：长距离供水工程 关阀规律 空气罐 管线布置 最大压力 最小压力 瞬时负压 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程] TV675[水利工程—水利水电工程]