激光-MIG复合打底焊熔滴过渡及电弧形态研究  

Study on Droplet Transfer and Arc Shape of Laser-MIG Hybrid Backing Welding

作　　者：李帅贞 李刚卿 杨志斌 毛镇东 韩晓辉 Li Shuaizhen;Li Gangqing;Yang Zhibin;Mao Zhendong;Han Xiaohui(Technical Engineering Department,CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,Shandong,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian116028,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司技术工程部,山东青岛266111 [2]大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《应用激光》2024年第8期39-46,共8页Applied Laser

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(JDL2020026)。

摘　　要：针对轨道列车用20 mm厚6005A-T6铝合金激光-MIG复合打底焊工艺,借助高速摄像技术,系统研究坡口形式及工艺参数对熔滴过渡、电弧形态和焊缝成形的影响。研究结果表明,采用钝边高度10 mm的U形坡口,更有利于获得稳定的焊接过程。电弧电流280 A时电弧形态稳定、无飞溅,熔滴以射滴过渡和射流过渡为主;电弧电流较小时电弧易被侧壁吸引且焊接飞溅较大,电弧电流较大时电弧形态性降低且熔滴以球形熔体过渡影响焊缝成形。随焊接速度增加熔滴过渡频率略有增加,焊缝表面鱼鳞纹日趋明显。热源间距3 mm时,激光对电弧形态具有一定的压缩和稳定作用,热源间距过大或过小均降低了热源耦合作用。This study systematically investigated the effects of groove type and welding parameters on droplet transfer,arc shape,and weld formation during laser-MIG hybrid backing welding of 20mm thick 6005A-T6aluminum alloy for rail trains.The results indicated that U-shaped groove with root face height of 10mm was more conducive to obtaining stable welding process.The arc shape was stable and no spatters when the arc current was 280A,the main types of droplet transition were spray transfer and jet transfer.The arc was easily attracted by the side wall and welding spatter was large when the arc current was low.The stability of the arc reduced and the droplet affected the weld formation by spherical melt transition.The droplet transition frequency increased slightly as the welding speed increased,and the welding fish scales became more obvious.The laser could compress and stabilize the arc form when the heat resource distance was about 3mm,and the coupling effect of the heat source reduced if the distance between heat sources was too large or too small.

关 键 词：激光-MIG复合焊 打底焊 铝合金 熔滴过渡 电弧形态 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]