金银花根腐病的病原鉴定及生物防治研究  

Identification of the causal agents of Lonicera japonica root rot and screening for biocontrol agents against the disease

作　　者：代晓雪 李晓涵 姚志鹏 蒋春号[1] 牛冬冬[1] DAI Xiaoxue;LI Xiaohan;YAO Zhipeng;JIANG Chunhao;NIU Dongdong(College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2024年第5期1008-1019,共12页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(KYCXJC2023003)。

摘　　要：为了查明引起金银花(Lonicera japonica)根腐病的病原,本研究从表现根腐病症状的金银花根系中分离病菌。经致病性测定,结合形态特征和分子生物学鉴定结果,确定引起金银花根腐病的病原菌为茄腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)和变红镰刀菌(Fusarium incarnatum),且这两种镰刀菌复合侵染时根腐病发生更严重。对这两种病原菌进行生物学特性分析,结果表明其菌丝生长最适温度均为28℃,在低于4℃和高于50℃条件下停止生长;F.incarnatum孢子萌发最适温度为28℃,F.solani孢子萌发最适温度为25~28℃;二者对于pH值的变化不敏感,在pH值为5~11条件下均能生长;F.incarnatum适宜在12 h光照;12 h黑暗光周期条件下生长,而F.solani适宜在全黑暗条件下生长;F.incarnatum和F.solani菌丝生长的致死温度分别为50℃和55℃(处理10 min);孢子萌发的致死温度均为50℃(水浴10 min);两种病原菌最适生长碳源同为果胶,但最适生长氮源有差异,F.incarnatum为胰蛋白胨,对其它氮源的利用效率较低,而F.solani为蛋白胨,且具有广谱碳、氮源适应性。进一步分离和筛选能抑制金银花根腐病菌的高效生防菌株,从发生根腐病的金银花田块采集健康植株周围土壤,通过菌株分离、平板对峙培养、酶活测定、温室促生防病试验最终筛选到2株能促进金银花生长并且能高效防治金银花根腐病的生防菌株。经鉴定BG1为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa),其防效为59.41%,BS37为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),其防效为52.47%。研究结果为金银花根腐病的防治提供了十分有潜力的生防资源,具有实际应用价值。To identify the pathogens causing root rot on Lonicera japonica,we collected diseased root samples and conducted microbe isolation.The causal agents of the disease were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium incarnatum through pathogenicity test,and based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis results,and combined infection by these two species of fungi led to more severe symptoms.The optimal tempera-ture for mycelial growth of the two pathogens is 28℃,and the growth was suppressed when the temperature was lower than 4℃and above 50℃;The optimal temperature for spore germination of F.incarnatum is 28℃,and 25-28℃for F.solani;The two pathogens are insensitive to pH and can grow at pH 5-11;A light;dark cycle of 12 h light;12 h dark is suitable for mycelial growth of F.incarnatum,while total darkness is suitable for F.solani;The lethal temperatures for mycelial growth of F.incarnatum and F.solani are 50℃and 55℃for 10 min respectively,and are 50℃for 10 min for spore germination of both the pathogens;The most suitable carbon source for both fungal pathogens is pectin,and the most suitable nitrogen source is tryptone for F.incarnatum but peptone for F.solani.In addition,the utilization efficiency of F.incarnatum is low to the other tested nitrogen sources,whereas F.solani showed a broad-spectrum adaptability to carbon and nitrogen sources.To explore biocontrol agents against F.incarnatum and F.solani,bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy L.japonica.By confronting incubation test,enzyme activity test and pot experiment in greenhouse,two strains BG1 and BS37,which showed good performance in promoting the growth of L.japonica and controlling root rot,were obtained.BG1 and BS37 were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis,with a control efficacy of 59.41%and 52.47%,respectively.The results provide good potential biocontrol resources for the control of L.japonica root rot.

关 键 词：金银花 根腐病 病原菌 生物学特性 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]