压气机抗冲蚀涂层对钛合金疲劳性能的影响  

Effect of anti-erosion coatings on fatigue performance of titanium alloys in compressor blades

作　　者：曹正 柴艳 何光宇[2] 张兆路 李璞 查小晖 Zheng CAO;Yan CHAI;Guangyu HE;Zhaolu ZHANG;Pu LI;Xiaohui ZHA(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;The National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology,Air Force University of Engineering,Xi’an 710038,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Zhuzhou 412002,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710049 [2]空军工程大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室,西安710038 [3]西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安710049 [4]中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,株洲412002

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第19期312-324,共13页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：基础产品创新计划科研项目;陕西省博士后科学基金(31271000000082);陕西省科技创新团队(2024RS-CXTD-26);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(xzy012024021)。

摘　　要：航空发动机压气机叶片的砂尘冲蚀问题是航空发动机性能衰减、寿命降低的原因。抗冲蚀涂层是提高压气机叶片抗砂尘冲蚀能力的有效方法,但是硬质涂层的引入会降低金属叶片的疲劳性能。采用离子镀技术在TC4钛合金表面沉积厚度相同的TiN单层涂层和TiN/Ti多层涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪、X射线应力分析仪表征了试样的表面、截面形貌以及基本力学性能,对比分析了不同涂层、无涂层TC4基体的旋转弯曲疲劳性能,讨论分析了TiN、TiN/Ti涂层对TC4基体疲劳性能影响的机制。旋转弯曲疲劳试验结果表明,TC4钛合金基体在1×106循环周次下的中值疲劳强度为530.5 MPa,而沉积TiN、TiN/Ti涂层的TC4钛合金试样在该条件下的中值疲劳强度则分别为529.2、492.5 MPa,与未沉积涂层的TC4基体试样相比,分别下降了0.24%、7.16%。涂层损伤基体疲劳性能的机制为涂层开裂加速了基体的疲劳失效。而且TiN涂层表面粗糙度较低且残余压应力较大,相较于TiN/Ti涂层,TiN涂层对TC4钛合金基体疲劳性能的损伤比例更小。Sand erosion in aero-engine compressor blades leads to performance degradation and life reduction of aero-engines.Erosion-resistant coatings effectively improve the resistance of compressor blades to sand erosion,but the introduction of hard coatings reduces the fatigue performance of metal blades.TiN single-layer coating and TiN/Ti multilayer coating with the same thickness were deposited on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by ion plating technology.The surface and cross-section morphologies as well as the basic mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,nanoindentation and X-ray stress analyzer.The rotating bending fatigue performance of TC4 substrates with different coatings as well as without coatings were comparatively analyzed,and the mechanism of TiN and TiN/Ti coatings on the fatigue performance of TC4 substrates was discussed and analyzed.The results of rotating bending fatigue tests showed that the median fatigue strength of TC4 titanium alloy substrate was 530.5 MPa under one million cycles,while the median fatigue strengths of TC4 titanium alloy specimens deposited TiN and TiN/Ti under this condition were 529.2 MPa and 492.5 MPa,which decreased by 0.24% and 7.16%,respectively.The mechanism by which coatings impair the fatigue performance of the substrate is that the cracking of coatings accelerates the fatigue failure of the substrate.Moreover,compared to TiN/Ti coating,TiN coating with lower surface roughness and higher residual compressive stresses causes less damage to the fatigue performance of the TC4 titanium alloy substrate.

关 键 词：TIN涂层 TiN/Ti涂层 TC4钛合金 离子镀 疲劳性能 

分 类 号：V232.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]