巢湖流域氮肥减施下2种控释肥料对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及环境效益的影响  

Effects of two controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and environmental benefits under nitrogen fertilizer reduction in Chaohu Lake Basin

作　　者：汤佳玮 丁婕婕 刘晓淑 陈勇 陈骏 李慧敏 罗来超 熊启中 张卫峰[1] TANG Jiawei;DING Jiejie;LIU Xiaoshu;CHEN Yong;CHEN Jun;LI Huimin;LUO Laichao;XIONG Qizhong;ZHANG Weifeng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Utilization and Management,Beijing 100083,China;Green Intelligent Compound Fertilizer Research Institute of CNSIG Anhui Hongsifang Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230001,China;College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/养分利用与管理国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司绿色智能复合肥研究院,安徽合肥230001 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第10期1826-1833,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目(2023AH040130);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012)。

摘　　要：探讨2种控释肥料减氮施用对作物产量与氮素利用率及环境效益的影响,为巢湖流域氮肥减量增效、作物丰产及面源污染防控提供理论依据。于2022年在巢湖流域进行2种新型控释肥料减量施用田间试验,采用两因素随机区组设计,选取无机包裹肥和增效控释肥2种控释肥料,并设置5个施氮水平(不施氮、农户模式施氮量及在农户模式施氮量的基础上减量20%、28%和40%,即施氮量为0 kg/hm^(2)、263 kg/hm^(2)、210 kg/hm^(2)、189 kg/hm^(2)和158 kg/hm^(2))。分析2种控释肥料氮肥减量施用对水稻产量及其构成要素、氮素转运利用及水稻季环境效益的影响。与农户模式相比,减氮20%施用2种新型控释肥料对水稻产量无显著影响,可以实现减氮不减产,且显著降低了水稻季活性氮损失的风险。通过回归分析得出,无机包裹肥和增效控释肥的最佳施氮量为230 kg/hm^(2)和195 kg/hm^(2)。The effects of nitrogen reduction application of two controlled-release fertilizers on crop yield,nitrogen use efficiency and environmental benefits were discussed,which provided a theoretical basis for nitrogen reduction and efficiency increase,crop yield and non-point source pollution prevention and control in Chaohu Lake Basin.A field trial was conducted in 2022 in Chaohu Lake Basin.Two controlled release fertilizers,inorganic coated fertilizer and synergistic controlled release fertilizer,were selected in a two-factor randomized block design.Five nitrogen application levels were set up,namely,no nitrogen application,nitrogen application rate of farmer mode and reduction of 20%,28%and 40%on the basis of nitrogen application rate of farmer mode,and the nitrogen application rates were 0 kg/hm^(2),263 kg/hm^(2),210 kg/hm^(2),189 kg/hm^(2)and 158 kg/hm^(2).The effects of nitrogen reduction application on rice yield and its components,nitrogen transport and utilization,and environmental benefits in rice season were analyzed.Compared with the farmer model,the application of two new fertilizers with 20%nitrogen reduction had no significant effect on rice yield,and significantly reduced the risk of seasonal active nitrogen loss.Regression analysis showed that the optimal nitrogen application rates of inorganic coated fertilizer and synergistic controlled release fertilizer were 230 kg/hm^(2)and 195 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：水稻 氮肥减量 产量 氮肥利用率 活性氮损失 巢湖流域 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]