氮肥调控对江淮地区冬闲田毛叶苕子固氮特征及固氮酶活性的影响及机制  

Effect and and mechanisms of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on the nitrogen fixation characteristics and nitrogenase activity of hairy vetch in winter fallow fields of the Yangtze River-Huaihe region

作　　者：董玉兵 董青君 李传哲 李卫红 张苗 邵文奇[1] 孙春梅[1] 陈川[1] DONG Yubing;DONG Qingjun;LI Chuanzhe;LI Weihong;ZHANG Miao;SHAO Wenqi;SUN Chunmei;CHEN Chuan(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai’an 223001,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第10期1844-1853,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：淮安市重点研发计划(乡村振兴类)项目(HAN202313);国家自然科学基金项目(32001213);淮安市农业科学院科研发展基金(HNY202027)。

摘　　要：冬闲田种植绿肥作物已经成为提升耕地质量的一种重要措施。为明确不同氮肥水平对毛叶苕子固氮特征的影响,本研究通过2年田间定位试验,设置不施氮肥对照(CK)、50 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、100 kg/hm^(2)(N2)3个施氮水平,测定毛叶苕子关键生育期的生物量、根瘤生物量、氮吸收量及固氮酶活性等指标,明确氮肥调控措施对毛叶苕子固氮能力的影响及机制。结果表明:与CK相比,2个生长季N1处理和N2处理毛叶苕子生物量、氮吸收量和共生固氮量都有显著增加。N1处理的共生固氮率与CK无显著差异,而N2处理的共生固氮率下降明显。N1处理的共生固氮量显著高于N2处理。随着施氮量的增加,现蕾期和盛花期固氮酶活性呈增加趋势,N2处理的固氮酶活性比CK增加42.8%~76.1%。3个处理的根瘤生物量和根瘤固氮酶活性均在盛花期达到最大值。SQRT模型可较好拟合毛叶苕子固氮酶活性随时间的变化特征,不同处理下拟合方程决定系数(R2)均≥0.87。与CK相比,N1和N2处理的固氮酶活性开始时间(D_(min))明显推迟,固氮酶活性峰值出现时间(D_(opt))提前。总之,N1处理(50 kg/hm^(2))能够显著增加植株生物量、共生固氮量及氮吸收量,可以作为试验地区冬闲田种植毛叶苕子的推荐施氮量。本研究结果可为江淮地区冬闲田的合理培肥提供依据和支撑。Planting green manure crops in winter fallow field has become an important measure to improve the quality of cultivated land.In order to clarify the effects of different nitrogen levels on the nitrogen fixation characteristics of hairy vetch,a two-year field positioning experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen regulation measures and mechanism on the nitrogen fixation ability of hairy vetch by setting three nitrogen levels of no nitrogen control(CK),50 kg/hm^(2)(N1)and 100 kg/hm^(2)(N2),and by measuring the biomass,root nodule biomass,nitrogen uptake and nitrogenase activity of hairy vetch at the key growth stages.The results showed that compared with CK,the biomass,nitrogen uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of hairy vetch under N1 and N2 treatments were significantly increased in the two growing seasons.The symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate of N1 treatment was not significantly different from that of CK,while the symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate of N2 treatment decreased significantly.The symbiotic nitrogen fixation of N1 treatment was significantly higher than that of N2 treatment.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogenase activity in squaring stage and full-bloom stage showed an increasing trend,and the nitrogenase activity of N2 treatment increased by 42.8%-76.1%compared with CK.The nodule biomass and nitrogenase activity of the three treatments reached the maximum at the full-bloom stage.The SQRT model could well fit the variation characteristics of nitrogenase activity of hairy vetch with time,and the determination coefficients(R^(2))of the fitting equations under different treatments were all≥0.87.Compared with CK,the start time(D_(min))of nitrogenase activity in N1 and N2 treatments was significantly delayed,and the peak time(D_(opt))of nitrogenase activity was advanced.In conclusion,N1 treatment(50 kg/hm^(2))could significantly increase plant biomass,symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen uptake,which could be used as the recommended nitrogen application r

关 键 词：毛叶苕子 氮肥调控 固氮酶活性 模型 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]