季铵基吸附剂CO_(2)变湿捕集-释放机制及相关材料研究进展  

Research progress on CO_(2) moisture swing capture-release mechanism of quaternary ammonium-based adsorbents and related materials

作　　者：高云芳 宋新山[1] GAO Yunfang;SONG Xinshan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201600

出　　处：《低碳化学与化工》2024年第11期104-112,共9页Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52170152);上海市科技攻关项目(21DZ1202402)。

摘　　要：变湿吸附作为一种新型的CO_(2)捕集技术,具有受水分变化驱动捕集-释放CO_(2)的特点,可有效降低CO_(2)捕集能耗和运行成本。阐述了季铵基吸附剂的变湿吸附技术机理,以及热力学、动力学角度的作用机制;介绍了影响吸附剂性能的因素;归纳了近年来吸附剂合成改性方法及研究进展;最后总结了该领域当前面临的挑战并指出了发展趋势。季铵基吸附剂吸附CO_(2)的过程通过水蒸发驱动并受水分波动影响。当吸附剂负载二价及三价酸根阴离子,亲水/疏水层间距和阳离子间距均较小时,CO_(2)吸附性能较强。可通过定向调控孔隙结构制备更小粒径、更丰富孔隙度和更高比表面积的吸附剂材料。此外,可通过强化季铵化或双季铵化等手段将季铵基官能团进行化学嫁接,以提高活性位点的密度并高效利用。目前变湿吸附技术处于发展阶段,在保持吸附剂较高比表面积和官能团利用率的基础上,改善吸附容量和循环速率是面向实际应用的必然需求;其规模化应用、捕集能耗的降低、环境耐受性的提高,以及捕集后CO_(2)的处理也是亟待研究的重要方向。As a new type of CO_(2) capture technology,moisture swing adsorption has the characteristics of capture-release CO_(2) driven by moisture change,which can effectively reduce the energy consumption and operation cost of CO_(2) capture.The mechanism of moisture swing adsorption technology of quaternary ammonium-based adsorbents and the mechanism of action from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics were described.The influencing factors of adsorbents performance were introduced.The synthesis and modification methods and research progress of adsorbents in recent years were summarized.Finally,the current challenges in this field were summarized and the development trend was pointed out.The process of CO_(2) adsorption by quaternary ammonium-based adsorbents is driven by water evaporation and affected by moisture fluctuation.When the adsorbents are loaded with divalent and trivalent acid anions,the hydrophilic/hydrophobic layer spacing and cation spacing are small,and the CO_(2) adsorption performance is strong.The adsorbent materials with smaller particle size,richer porosity and higher specific surface area can be prepared by directional regulation of pore structure.In addition,the quaternary ammonium functional groups are chemically grafted by enhanced quaternization or biquaternization to enhance the density of active sites and efficient utilization.Moisture swing adsorption technology is currently in the development stage.On the basis of maintaining a high specific surface area and functional group utilization,improving the adsorption capacity and cycle rate is an inevitable demand for practical applications.Its large-scale application,reducing capture energy consumption,improving environmental tolerance,and the treatment of CO_(2) after capture are also the key directions to be studied.

关 键 词：CO_(2)捕集 变湿吸附剂 季铵基 动力学 热力学 

分 类 号：TQ028[化学工程] X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]