异色瓢虫对两种核桃蚜虫的捕食行为研究  

Predation of Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)on two walnut aphids,Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis

作　　者：陈祉颖 邓秉东 张文佳 马贵龙 高桂珍 CHEN Zhi-Ying;DENG Bing-Dong;ZHANG Wen-Jia;MA Gui-Long;GAO Gui-Zhen(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2024年第4期827-834,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960317);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01A55);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划。

摘　　要：【目的】捕食行为是评价捕食性天敌控害作用的重要依据。异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis是核桃蚜虫的重要捕食性天敌,本研究旨在明确饥饿与非饥饿状态下异色瓢虫成虫对2种不同核桃蚜虫的捕食行为,为丰富核桃蚜虫生物防治技术提供科学依据。【方法】室内观察了饥饿与非饥饿状态下异色瓢虫成虫对核桃黑斑蚜Chromaphisjuglandicola和核桃全斑蚜Panaphisjuglandis的捕食行为特点、取食量和平均耗时。【结果】异色瓢虫成虫的捕食行为由搜寻、取食、梳理、静息、整翅和排泄6个部分组成。在不同饥饿状态和不同猎物种类下,异色瓢虫成虫各捕食行为的时间占比均为静息>搜寻>梳理>取食>整翅>排泄。与非饥饿状态相比,饥饿状态的异色瓢虫成虫对核桃黑斑蚜和核桃全斑蚜的取食时间占比分别提升45.18%和62.09%;饥饿状态下异色瓢虫成虫对2种蚜虫的取食量均显著增加(P<0.05),其中对核桃黑斑蚜的取食量由87.5头增加到132.9头,对核桃全斑蚜的取食量由52.5头增加到104.5头。异色瓢虫取食1头核桃黑斑蚜和核桃全斑蚜的平均耗时分别为13.10-13.61和40.21-48.94s。【结论】异色瓢虫对两种核桃蚜虫均具有较好的捕食能力,但其捕食行为受自身饥饿状态和猎物种类的影响。研究结果为多猎物系统中的天敌释放和科学评价天敌控害作用提供理论依据。[Aim]To determine the effect of food deprivation on the predatory behavior of the ladybird,Harmonia axyridis,on two different walnut aphids,Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis.[Methods]The predatory behavior of adult H.axyridis after different levels of food deprivation was observed in a laboratory and the average time required to complete each stage of the predation process,and the number of aphids consumed,were measured.[Results]Predatory behavior had six stages:Searching,feeding,grooming,resting,vibrating wings and excreting.The proportion of time consumed by each stage could be ranked as follows:Resting>searching>grooming>feeding>vibrating wings>excreting.Compared to the control group which had constant access to food,H.axyridis that had been subject to 24 h of food deprivation spent 45.18%more time preying on C.juglandicola and 62.09%more time preying on P.juglandis.Food deprivation increased the number of C.juglandicola consumed from 87.5 to 132.9,and the number of P.juglandis from 52.5 to 104.5.The average time required for a ladybird to consume one C.juglandicola was 13.10-13.61 seconds,compared to 40.21-48.94 seconds for one C.juglandicola.[Conclusion]Food deprivation and prey species have significant effects on the predatory behavior of H.axyridis adults.

关 键 词：异色瓢虫 核桃黑斑蚜 核桃全斑蚜 捕食行为 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]