祁连山国家公园蚂蚁物种的分布格局  

Distribution Pattern of Ant Species in Qilian Mountain National Park

作　　者：赵元昊 冷雪艳 徐正会 陈振宁 熊忠平 刘霞 ZHAO Yuanhao;LENG Xueyan;XU Zhenghui;CHEN Zhenning;XIONG Zhongping;LIU Xia(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;School of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Qinghai Province,Xining810008,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院/云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]青海师范大学生命科学学院/青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期1-13,共13页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860615);国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目子课题项目(31750002);祁连山国家公园青海省管理局项目“《祁连山国家公园青海片区昆虫志——鳞翅目、双翅目卷》撰写”(QHTX-2021-006)。

摘　　要：为全面查清祁连山国家公园的蚂蚁物种及其分布特点,本研究采用样地调查法和采获频次法系统开展了祁连山国家公园蚂蚁物种的分布格局研究。在祁连山国家公园西段、中段、东段的北坡和南坡6个垂直带上,合计调查61块样地的305个样方,观察到蚂蚁190269头。祁连山国家公园地理跨度大,海拔高差显著,蚂蚁种类丰富,合计有2亚科14属38种。6个垂直带的物种丰富度为:高台垂直带(24种)>门源垂直带(21种)>祁连垂直带(17种)=民乐垂直带(17种)>凉州垂直带(16种)>峨堡垂直带(9种)。6类栖息生境的物种丰富度为:草丛(31种)>针阔混交林(24种)=灌丛(24种)>落叶阔叶林(22种)>云杉林(16种)>草甸(12种)。在1296~4038 m的海拔范围内,2500 m海拔高度上物种最丰富,表现出中域效应现象。不同生态适应幅度的物种丰富度顺序为:狭窄(10种)=较窄(10种)=中等(10种)>较宽(6种)>宽阔(2种)。光亮黑蚁(Formica candida)、亮腹黑褐蚁(F.gagatoides)、红林蚁(F.clara)、满斜结蚁(Plagiolepis manczshurica)为优势物种;而马斯科细胸蚁(Leptothorax muscorum)、莱曼蚁(Formica lemani)、乌拉尔蚁(F.uralensis)、弯角红蚁(Myrmica lobicornis)、圆颚蚁待定种(Strongylognathus sp.)、诺氏铺道蚁(Tetramorium nursei)等物种表现出稀有性,在生物多样性保护中应当予以高度关注。本研究基本查清了祁连山国家公园的蚂蚁物种和其分布格局,为祁连山国家公园生物多样性编目、保护和利用提供了科学依据。The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate the ant species and their distribution characteristics in Qilian Mountain National Park.A systematic study on the distribution pattern of ant species in Qilian Mountains National Park was conducted by using the plot-sampling and acquisition frequency methods.A total of 190269 ant individuals were observed in 305 sample squares of 61 plots on the north and south slopes of the western,central,and eastern sections of Qilian Mountains National Park.The park spans a vast geographical area with significant elevation differences,resulting in a high richness of ant species,totaling 38species from 14 genera and 2 subfamilies.The richness of species in the six vertical zones was as follows,Gaotai vertical zone(24species)>Mengyuan vertical zone(21 species)>Qilian vertical zone(17 species)=Minle vertical zone(17 species)>Liangzhou vertical zone(16 species)>Epu vertical zone(9 species).The species richness of the six habitats was in turn,i.e.,Herb(31 species)>conifer-broadleaf mixed forest(24 species)=Shrub(24 species)>Deciduous broadleaf forest(22 species)>Picea forest(16 species)>meadow(12 species).In the altitude range of 1296-4038 m,the most abundant ant species was found at the altitude of 2500 m,showing the phenomenon of mid-domain effect.The order of the species richness of different ecological adaptation ranges was narrow(10 species)=relatively narrower(10 species)=medium(10 species)>relatively wider(6 species)>wide(2 species).Formica candida,F.gagatoides,F.clara and Plagiolepis manczshurica,were the dominant species.In contrast,Leptothorax muscorum,Formica lemani,F.uralensis,Myrmica lobicornis,Strongylognathus sp.and Tetramorium nursei,etc.,showed rarity.These species should be highly concerned in biodiversity conservation.This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the ant species and distribution pattern in Qilian Mountain National Park,offering scientific evidences for the biodiversity inventory,conservation,and utilization in the park.

关 键 词：蚁科 物种 分布格局 垂直带 生境 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]