草原公路人机共驾环境下驾驶人接管负荷研究  

Driver Take-over Loads in the Human-Machine Co-operative Environment on a Grassland Highway

作　　者：高明星[1] 季天行 王海晓[1] 马东梅 GAO Mingxing;JI Tianxing;WANG Haixiao;MA Dongmei(College of Energy and Transportation Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Jiaoke Road and Bridge Construction Co.Ltd.,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学能源与交通工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古交科路桥建设有限公司,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期37-45,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023LHMS05051);内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFSH0071);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划项目(NMGIRT2304)。

摘　　要：为提升草原公路人机共驾环境下驾驶安全性,在“牲畜占道”典型草原公路风险接管场景下,本文通过驾驶人脑电信号研究了不同驾驶次任务对驾驶人接管负荷的影响规律。本研究根据不同分心类型(认知负荷、视觉负荷、操作负荷)设计了监视、听新闻、看视频、玩游戏4种驾驶次任务,通过模拟驾驶试验,采集25名驾驶人的脑电信号,对驾驶人各脑区及脑区各频段的δ、θ、α、β相对功率谱值和反应时间进行统计分析。结果表明:在整体接管过程中,驾驶人接管负荷经历了从相对放松到高度警觉的过渡,最终任务完成并保持一定警惕性的状态;涉及到高级认知功能、情绪控制和环境感知的额叶区与颞叶区表现出更高的活跃性;在执行不同驾驶次任务情况下,随着次任务难度梯度递增,驾驶人在接管时的认知能力下降,接管负荷过载的风险增加;反应时间趋势分析显示,只占用听觉通道的次任务会使驾驶人警觉度达到较好状态,接管负荷较小且反应速度最快。In order to improve the driving safety under the environment of human-machine co-operative on a grassland highway,the influence of different driving subtasks on the driver's takeover load was investigated by the driver's EEG signals under the typical grassland highway risk takeover scenario of"Livestock occupying the road".In this study,four kinds of driving subtasks were designed according to different types of distraction(i.e.,cognitive load,visual load,and operational load),and the EEG signals of 25 drivers were collected through simulated driving tests,and the relative power spectral values ofδ,θ,α,andβin each brain region and each band of the brain regions and the reaction time were statistically analyzed.The results showed that,during the overall takeover process,the driver's takeover load experienced a transition from relative relaxation to high alertness,and finally arrived at the state of task completion and maintaining a certain degree of vigilance.The frontal and temporal lobe regions,which were involved in higher cognitive functions,emotional control and environment perception,showed higher activation.In the execution of different driving sub-tasks,with the gradient of the sub-task difficulty increasing,the driver's cognitive ability during takeover declined,and the risk of takeover load overload increased.The reaction time trend analysis showed that subtasks occupying only the auditory channel resulted in a better state of driver alertness,lower takeover load and the fastest reaction speed.

关 键 词：人机工程 草原公路 接管负荷 相对功率谱密度 人机共驾环境 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]