MAVS在病毒逃避宿主天然免疫中的研究进展  

Research progress of MAVS in viruses evading host natural immunity

作　　者：毕冬琳 杨晓莉 杨东亮 刘方程 张潇文 李琼毅 柏家林[1] BI Donglin;YANG Xiaoli;YANG Dongliang;LIU Fangcheng;ZHANG Xiaowen;LI Qiongyi;BAI Jialin(Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Technology of National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Biomedical Research Center,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生物医学研究中心生物工程与技术国家民委重点实验室,兰州730030

出　　处：《中国免疫学杂志》2024年第11期2452-2457,2464,共7页Chinese Journal of Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860696,31702234)。

摘　　要：固有免疫是宿主细胞防御病毒感染的第一道防线,Toll样受体(TLR)、维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ样受体(RLRs)等模式识别受体(PRRs)在其中发挥重要作用。病毒感染机体后,PRRs介导的信号通路中的线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)作为下游信号传递的共同接头分子可接收上游TLR、RIG-Ⅰ传递的信号,活化下游NF-κB和IRF3/7信号通路,进而激活干扰素(IFN)的表达,在固有免疫信号通路中起“桥梁”作用。越来越多的研究表明,病毒在长期进化过程中已进化出一系列逃逸固有免疫应答的机制,可通过干扰MAVS介导的信号通路中的多个位点来逃避宿主的抗病毒免疫应答,从而完成病毒自身的复制增殖。本文综述了MAVS在Ⅰ型IFN通路中作用及其在抗DNA病毒和RNA病毒反应机制中的最新研究进展,为研究MAVS抗病毒的分子机制提供理论参考。Innate immunity is the first line of the host cell defensing against viral infection,in which the pattern recognition re-ceptors(PRRs)such as Toll-like receptors(TLRs)and retinoic acid induces geneⅠ-like receptors(RLRs)play an important role.After virus infection,mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS)in PRRs-mediated signaling pathway,which are of the com-mon linker molecule for downstream signal transmission,can receive signals transmitted by upstream TLR and RIG-Ⅰ,activate down-stream NF-κB and IRF3/7 signaling pathways leading to the activation of interferon(IFN)expression.Therefore MAVS acts as a bridge in the innate immune signaling pathway.More and more studies have shown that viruses have evolved a series of mechanism to escape the innate immune response over the long course of their evolution,and evaded the host's antiviral immune response by interfer-ing with multiple sites in the MAVS-mediated signaling pathway so as to complete its own replication and proliferation.In this paper,the role of MAVS in IFN-Ⅰpathway and its latest research progress in the mechanism of anti-DNA viruses and anti-RNA viruses reac-tion are reviewed,providing theoretical basis for further studying the detailed mechanism of anti-virus of MAVS.

关 键 词：线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白 固有免疫 病毒感染 免疫逃逸 

分 类 号：Q39.91[生物学—遗传学]