区块链电子提单实施方案及应用场景研究  

Research on Implementation Scheme and Application Scenarios of Blockchain Electronic Bill of Lading

作　　者：周金萍 陈烁 ZHOU Jin-Ping;CHEN Shuo(National Office of Port Administration,Beijing 100730;Port Administration Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510620)

机构地区：[1]国家口岸管理办公室,北京100730 [2]广东省人民政府口岸管理办公室,广州510620

出　　处：《中国口岸科学技术》2024年第10期84-90,共7页China Port Science and Technology

摘　　要：提单作为国际贸易中的重要文件,同时具有货物收据、运输契约证明、物权凭证等属性。随着国际贸易的发展,提单无纸化成为必然趋势。区块链电子提单在保留了提单基本功能和属性的同时,又能凭借区块链去中心化、透明和可追溯等技术特点,有效弥补了传统电子提单易篡改、易伪造等缺点,确保了提单的真实性和完整性。本文主要分析了区块链电子提单的业务逻辑、系统架构设计及关键技术运用,阐释了其在无纸化放货、国际贸易结算、贸易融资、供应链管理、多式联运等场景的应用,同时也指出了区块链电子提单在技术成本、市场接受、法律环境、口岸监管等方面所面临的挑战,并提出了针对性应对建议,为区块链电子提单在我国国际贸易领域的推广应用提供参考思路。As an important document in international trade,the bill of lading possesses attributes such as a receipt for goods,proof of transportation contract,and a certificate of property rights.With the development of international trade,the paperless bill of lading has become an inevitable trend.The blockchain electronic bill of lading not only retains the basic functions and attributes of the bill of lading,but also with the technological features of decentralization,transparency,and traceability of blockchain,effectively makes up for the deficiencies of traditional electronic bills of lading,such as susceptibility to tampering and forgery,ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the bill of lading.This article mainly analyzes the business logic,system architecture design,and key technological applications of blockchain electronic bills of lading,explains its application in scenarios such as paperless delivery,international trade settlement,trade financing,supply chain management,and multimodal transport,and also points out the challenges of blockchain electronic bills of lading in terms of technical costs,market acceptance,legal environment,and port supervision,and puts forward targeted response suggestions,providing reference ideas for the promotion and application of block-chain electronic bills of lading in China’s international trade field.

关 键 词：区块链 电子提单 国际贸易 无纸化 供应链 多式联运 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] TP311.13[经济管理—产业经济]