防卫过当司法判定的反思与纠偏路径探析一一基于117份判决书的实证分析  

Reflection and Correction Path of Judgments on Excessive Defense:Based on 117 Court Decisions

作　　者：李天娇 LI Tianjiao(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000

出　　处：《新时代职业教育》2024年第3期34-39,72,共7页Vocational Education In the New Era

基　　金：2021年度河北省社会科学发展研究课题青年项目“河北省营商法治环境评估及其实现路径研究”(项目编号:20210301054)。

摘　　要：我国司法实践中防卫过当的认定思路具有不合理性,主要表现为唯结果论和单纯法益衡量理念支配司法判定。该现状源生于防卫过当的判定思路:纯粹以双方持械方式及损伤后果认定防卫过当,这种判断思路在具体分析论证中错误地以一体说解读防卫限度。正确的判定路径应以二分说为指导,先判断防卫行为,再判断防卫结果。同时,以“限制的必需说”为理论基础对防卫行为是否明显超过必要限度进行第一阶层判定;以损害结果是否达到重伤死亡的程度来进行第二阶层判定。The recognition of excessive defense in our country's judicial practice is characterized by the irrationality of the judgment process,mainly manifested as the results-oriented and the single consideration of legal interests dominating judicial decision-making.Such a situation is rooted in the judging process:pure recognition of excessive defense is made solely based on the presence of weapons and the extent of the resulting injuries,and this erroneous interpretation of defense limits is upheld through the entire analysis and logic.The correct determination pathway should be guided by a bifurcated approach,first evaluating the defensive action and then the defensive outcome.A"necessary restriction"theory should serve as the theoretical basis for determining whether the defensive behavior is clearly beyond the necessary limit,and the extent of the resulting injuries should be judged based on whether they reach the level of death or serious injury as the second-level test.

关 键 词：防卫过当 正当防卫 防卫限度 限制的必需说 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]