哈贝马斯“话语民主”的内涵阐析与当代反思  

The Connotation of Habermas's"Discourse Democracy"and Contemporary Reflection

作　　者：江东 JIANG Dong(Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《新时代职业教育》2024年第3期68-72,共5页Vocational Education In the New Era

摘　　要：哈贝马斯所构建的“话语民主”是基于交往行为理论,超越自由主义民主和共和主义民主的种种弊端而提出。这种民主是以主体间性为前提,基于交往程序的制度化,伴随着商谈和交往而形成的程序主义民主,具有保障公民参与和表达自由;推动协商过程的程序化、规范化;促进理性对话和共识形成等价值,但也面临着对马克思主义理论的认识偏差这一理论难题,以及话语交往是一种局限于“精神层面”的交往、理想情境与现实世界存在差距、交往主体间的理性共识较难实现、话语民主容易沦为形式主义的民主等实践困境。反观我国基层协商民主建设的现状,可以从主体、制度、文化和实践维度提升制度效能,发挥最大优势。The"discursive democracy"constructed by Habermas is based on the theory of interactional behaviour,which is beyond the shortcomings of liberal democracy and republican democracy.This kind of democracy is a proceduralist democracy premised on intersubjectivity,based on the institutionalization of interaction procedures,and accompanied by negotiation and interaction,which has the value of guaranteeing citizens'participation and freedom of expression,promoting the proceduralization and standardization of the negotiation process,and facilitating rational dialogues and the formation of consensus,etc.However,it is also confronted with the theoretical difficulty of the bias in the understanding of the theory of Marxism,as well as the problem of discursive interaction being a kind of discourse confined to the"spiritual level",which is a kind of"spiritual level".However,it also faces the theoretical problem of biased understanding of Marxist theory,as well as the practical dilemma of discourse interaction being a kind of interaction limited to the"spiritual level",the gap between the ideal situation and the real world,the difficulty of realizing rational consensus among the interacting subjects,and the tendency of discourse democracy to degenerate into formalistic democracy.Looking back at the current situation of grassroots consultative democracy in China,we can improve the effectiveness of the system from the dimensions of subject,system,culture and practice to give the greatest advantage.

关 键 词：哈贝马斯 话语民主 基层协商民主 理论内涵 当代反思 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]