上海市某区27家制造企业局部排风设施调查  

Investigation of local exhaust ventilation facilities in 27 manufacturing enterprises in a district of Shanghai

作　　者：王翔 孙玉来 李念文 陈璐 姜晟 王祖兵 WANG Xiang;SUN Yulai;LI Nianwen;CHEN Lu;JIANG Sheng;WANG Zubing(Shanghai Institute of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry,Shanghai 200041,China;Supervision Institute of Jiading District Health Commission,Shanghai 201818,China;SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201805,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市化工职业病防治院,上海200041 [2]上海市嘉定区卫生健康委员会监督所,上海201818 [3]上汽大众汽车有限公司,上海201805

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第5期611-614,675,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：上海市第五轮公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划项目(GWV-10.1-XK12)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析工作场所局部排风设施现状,为加强制造业局部排风设施管理,预防职业病提供依据。方法选取上海市某区27家企业的52台通风机和49只局部排风罩开展调查和检测,并对结果进行分析和评价。结果49只局部排风罩中,46.9%(23只)扩张角>90°,42.9%(21只)控制距离>罩当量直径,38.8%(19只)控制风速<0.25 m/s;52台通风机中,51.9%(27台)连接罩口>10个,51.9%(27台)实际风量与额度风量比值≤0.7,32.7%(17台)风机前管道上无检测孔。结论本研究调查的企业局部排风设施存在排风罩扩张角过大、控制距离过大、控制风速过小等问题,通风机连接罩口较多、系统阻力过大导致排风量降低、风机前检查孔开孔率低等问题。建议加强职业病危害防护设施设计人员培训,推行局部排风设施定期调试和检维修行动。Objective To investigate the current status of local exhaust ventilation facilities in workplaces,providing a basis for strengthening the management of local exhaust ventilation facilities in the manufacturing industry and preventing occupational diseases.Methods A survey and inspection were conducted on 52 ventilators and 49 local exhaust hoods in 27 enterprises in a district of Shanghai,and the results were analyzed and evaluated.Results Among the 49 local exhaust hoods,46.9%(23 hoods)had an expansion angle>90°,42.9%(21 hoods)had a control distance greater than the equivalent diameter of the hood,and 38.8%(19 hoods)had a control wind speed<0.25 m/s.Among 52 ventilators,51.9%(27 ventilators)had more than 10 connected hood openings,51.9%(27 ventilators)had an actual air volume to rated air volume ratio≤0.7,and 32.7%(17 ventilators)had no inspection holes on the ducts in front of the ventilator.Conclusions The surveyed enterprises had issues such as excessive expansion angles of exhaust hoods,excessive control distances,and insufficient control wind speeds.Additionally,there were problems with too many connected hood openings on ventilators,excessive system resistance leading to reduced exhaust volume,and low opening rates of inspection holes in front of the ventilators.It is recommended to strengthen the training of designers of occupational hazard protection facilities and to implement regular commissioning and maintenance actions for local exhaust ventilation facilities.

关 键 词：局部排风 排风罩 通风机 控制风速 控制距离 扩张角 调试 

分 类 号：R136.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]