植物线粒体基因组编辑研究进展  

Advance in Plant Mitochondrial Genome Editing

作　　者：张硕 阚俊虎 周家伟 武志强 ZHANG Shuo;KAN Jun-hu;ZHOU Jia-wei;WU Zhi-qiang(Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120;College of Plant Science&Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部合成生物学重点实验室、中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所(岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心),深圳518120 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第10期41-52,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170238);广东省“珠江人才计划”青年拔尖计划(20210N02N792);中国农业科学院青年英才计划(11024316000100)。

摘　　要：线粒体是真核生物细胞内的半自主细胞器,具有自身的基因组(mtDNA),在生命活动中扮演重要角色。人类mtDNA突变与多种遗传疾病相关,而在植物中mtDNA高频重组产生的ORF基因常常与植株雄性不育表型相关。随着基因编辑技术的迅速发展,mtDNA编辑技术为研究和治疗线粒体疾病提供了有力工具。得益于mtDNA编辑工具的丰富,线粒体编辑技术也被广泛应用于植物线粒体基因组功能基因以及未知序列的研究中。相较于核基因组编辑,针对mtDNA编辑仍然面临一些限制因素。本文总结了mtDNA编辑技术的发展和研究现状,以及在植物领域利用这些编辑技术对mtDNA进行的研究进展,展望了在植物线粒体研究中的mtDNA编辑技术潜在优化思路以及应用潜力。Mitochondria,the semi-autonomous organelles within eukaryotic cells,harbor specific genomes(mtDNA)and play pivotal roles in cellular life processes.mtDNA mutations in human are linked to a spectrum of genetic disorders,while in plants,recombination in mtDNA often leads to ORF genes associated with male sterility.The advent of gene editing technologies has revolutionized the study and treatment of mitochondrial diseases.With a plethora of mtDNA editing tools available,these technologies have also been instrumental in exploring functional genes and unknown sequences within plant mitochondrial genomes.Compared to nuclear genome editing,mtDNA editing still encounters certain challenges.This paper provides an overview of the development and current state of mtDNA editing technologies,examines their application in plant research,and contemplates future optimization strategies and the potential impact of these technologies on plant mitochondrial studies.

关 键 词：线粒体 基因编辑 ZFN TALEN CRISPR 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]