有限责任公司“预清算”制度的探索与构建——以强制清算制度改进为视角  

Exploration and Construction of"Pre-liquidation"of Limited Liability Companie:Improvement of Compulsory Liquidation System as a Perspective

作　　者：张世君[1] 范若珊 ZHANG Shijun;FAN Ruoshan

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期142-155,共14页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“企业社会责任的法律实现机制研究”,(项目编号:18FFX027);首都经济贸易大学学术学位研究生科技创新项目“论我国公司清算义务人制度”(项目编号:2023KJCX025)。

摘　　要：有限责任公司“预清算”制度的探索与构建的必要性,肇因于我国公司法上强制清算规则的适用障碍,即清算理念的误认及具体规则的缺憾。由此,引发了进入强制清算程序的大量案件面临司法资源有限、清算成本高昂的现实困境。探索“预清算”制度的引入之于清算本义的回归,有助于实现资源的合理配置,降低清算成本,提升清算效率,系重申公司退出市场法律制度的私法底色。并且,司法机关基于能动司法理念的指导,可以对当事人的清算理念进行纠偏。这不仅能有效平衡利益相关者的正当权益,更能推动当事人之间就公司挽救与未来发展进行深入沟通,共同形成理性的选择,从而维护社会公共利益。有关“预清算”制度的实践探索已初现端倪,为该制度的构建奠定了实践基础。据此,构建“预清算”制度的基本思路是化强制清算为自行清算,从“人”“事”“物”三个层面展开,同时完善相应之实体和程序路径,为我国有限责任公司有序退出市场提供更具系统性的制度供给,以实现经济活动健康循环,促进市场经济的繁荣发展。The necessity of exploring and constructing the system of"pre-liquidation"for limited liability companies is caused by the obstacle of applying the rules of compulsory liquidation in China's company law,i.e.the misunderstanding of the concept of liquidation and the lack of specific rules.As a result,a large number of cases into compulsory liquidation procedures face the reality of limited judicial resources and high liquidation costs.Exploring the introduction of the"pre-liquidation"system for the return of the original meaning of liquidation helps to achieve a reasonable allocation of resources,reduces the cost of liquidation,improve the efficiency of liquidation,and is to reiterate the company’s exit from the market of the legal system of private law.Moreover,the judiciary can correct the liquidation concept of the parties based on the guidance of the concept of active justice.This can not only effectively balance the legitimate interests of stakeholders,but also promote in-depth communication between the parties on the company's salvage and future development,and jointly form a rational choice,so as to safeguard the public interest.The practical exploration of the"pre-liquidation"system has begun to take shape,laying a solid practical foundation for the construction of the system.Accordingly,the basic idea of the"pre-liquidation"system is to change the mandatory liquidation into selfliquidation,from the three levels"people","things"and"objects",and at the same time,to improve the corresponding entity and procedural paths,to provide a more systematic system for the orderly withdrawal of China’s limited liability companies from the market,so as to achieve a healthy cycle of economic activities,and to promote the development of the market economy.

关 键 词：公司清算 “预清算” 强制清算 资源配置 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]