上海城市环境中貉的食性分析及家域范围内的栖息地选择  

Diet and habitat selection of raccoon dogs(Nyctereutes procyonoides)in Shanghai,a rapidly urbanizing megacity in eastern China

作　　者：李佳琪 冯一迪 王蕾 潘盆艳 刘潇如 李雪阳 王怡涵 王放 Jiaqi Li;Yidi Feng;Lei Wang;Penyan Pan;Xiaoru Liu;Xueyang Li;Yihan Wang;Fang Wang(School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Shan Shui Conservation Center,Beijing 100871,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Center for Nature and Society,College of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200438 [2]山水自然保护中心,北京100871 [3]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210023 [4]北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第8期65-74,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32270543);上海市科委“科技创新行动计划”专项(24DZ2307300)。

摘　　要：在城市生态系统中,部分具有高行为可塑性的物种能够通过快速的行为改变逐渐适应并在人类活动强度高的环境中定殖。研究食肉目物种在取食行为、栖息地选择等方面的行为变化,有利于理解城市动物对不同环境的利用和适应差异。本研究自2021年5月至2023年12月开展,以上海地区的貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides)作为研究对象,在城市化程度指数较高的居民住宅区和城市化程度指数较低的森林公园两类区域取样,通过基于粪便样本内容物的形态学鉴定比较了食物组成差异,基于颈圈式兽类追踪器收集的活动数据并构建资源选择函数,评估了家域内的栖息地选择差异。基于568份粪便样品的分析结果发现,与森林公园相比,居民住宅区中分布的貉对人源食物(P<0.001)和哺乳类(P<0.01)的摄入显著提高。基于32只貉个体的持续30天以上的追踪获得了36,881个卫星定位位点,发现森林公园中分布的貉回避建筑(β=–0.222),而居民住宅区中分布的貉对建筑存在正向选择(β=0.021)。研究初步揭示了貉在上海城市环境中的食源和栖息地需求,发现不同景观类型对貉的食物组成和栖息地选择等有重要影响,反映了貉响应城市环境的行为可塑性,可以为探究城市野生动物的适应机制、提升保护与管理水平提供参考。Aims:Species with high behavioral plasticity are able to utilize resources in urban environments,successfully colonizing and adapting to cities.Researching key behavioral changes in carnivorous species,such as foraging behavior and habitat selection,helps our understanding of how species respond to urban environments.This study focused on raccoon dogs(Nyctereutes procyonoides)in Shanghai with the objective to(1)understand the food composition of raccoon dogs and how raccoon dogs adjust their feeding strategies to respond to urban environments in Shanghai,and(2)evaluate how raccoon dogs change their habitat selection within their home range when colonizing urban environments.Methods:We sampled from May 2021 to December 2023 in two different urbanized environments of Shanghai:highly urbanized residential environments(residential areas)and semi-natural habitats(forest parks)with lower urbanization.Fecal samples were collected,processed,and analyzed using logistic regression and Chi square tests to measure differences in food components.Wildlife bio-trackers were used to collect raccoon dog activity data,and autocorrelated kernel density estimation was used to approximate their home range.Finally,a resource selection function was developed to evaluate raccoon dog habitat selection within their home ranges.Results:A total of 568 fecal samples were processed,and logistic regression results showed that raccoon dogs in residential areas ate significantly more human-derived products(P<0.001)and mammals(P<0.01)compared with raccoon dogs living in less urbanized forest parks.A total of 32 individuals were collared,and tracked with satellite positioning,and results from a resource selection function revealed that while raccoon dogs in forest parks avoided buildings within their home range(β=–0.222),those in residential areas selected for buildings within their home range(β=0.021).Conclusion:This study provides the first assessment of behavioral changes of raccoon dogs in urban environments within Shanghai,including their

关 键 词：城市野生动物 城市化 行为可塑性 食性 栖息地选择 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]