腾格里沙漠南缘大型光伏基地植被保护和生态修复的理论与对策  

Theory and strategies for vegetation conservation and ecological restoration in a large-scale photovoltaic power station in the southern Tengger Desert

作　　者：陈强 迟洪明 丁伟 杨昊天 吴吉军 杨奕颖 吴旭东 张亚峰 季波[5] 李云飞 张志山 刘立超 Chen Qiang;Chi Hongming;Ding Wei;Yang Haotian;Wu Jijun;Yang Yiying;Wu Xudong;Zhang Yafeng;Ji Bo;Li Yunfei;Zhang Zhishan;Liu Lichao(CNG Energy United Power Technology Company LTD,Beijing 100000,China;Longyuan(Beijing)Solar Technology Co.,LTD,Beijing 100000,China;Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Ningxia Longyuan New Energy Co.,LTD,Yinchuan 750002,China;Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团联合动力技术有限公司,北京100000 [2]龙源(北京)太阳能技术有限公司,北京100000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [4]宁夏龙源新能源有限公司,宁夏银川750002 [5]宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第5期123-132,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：龙源电力集团股份有限公司科技项目(LYH-2021-04);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01019);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(23JRRA659);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究一期项目(2022-YRUC-01-0102)。

摘　　要：推动新能源发展、促进能源结构改革是解决气候变化和能源短缺问题的根本途径,大力发展光伏新能源是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要内容。近年来光伏新能源基地建设急剧发展,而在全国粮食安全战略下,土地资源成为光伏电站建设的主要约束条件。为了应对这一挑战,国家鼓励在严格保护生态前提下,在沙漠、戈壁、荒漠等区域选址建设大型光伏基地。沙漠地区地形复杂,风沙肆虐,环境恶劣,植被破坏容易、修复难,在建设大型光伏电站过程中,如何既能有效提高光伏发电效率,又能保护好植被,具有极大的挑战性。本文以腾格里沙漠南缘大型光伏基地为研究对象,调查和分析了项目区自然环境条件、植被状况和土壤水分特征,分析了固沙灌木盖度与灌木死亡率、土壤水分与灌木盖度和灌木死亡率之间的关系,基于腾格里沙漠南缘固沙植被长期生态学研究成果以及沙漠和退化生态系统生态恢复的理论和技术,提出了沙漠地区开展科学的植物保护和生态修复建议,旨在助力沙漠光伏建设+生态保护+生态修复综合模式的探索和开发,打造高质量大型沙漠光伏+沙漠治理示范样板。Promoting the development of new energy and reforming the energy structure are fundamentally crucial in addressing climate change and energy scarcity.Vigorously developing photovoltaic new energy is an important approach to achieving the goal of"carbon emission peak and carbon neutralization".In recent years,photovoltaic new energy has experienced a significant surge in growth.However,due to limited land resources under the national food security strategy,constructing photovoltaic power stations faces major constraints.To tackle this challenge,the state encourages the construction of large-scale photovoltaic power station in sandy desert,gravel desert,and desert while strictly ensuring ecological protection.The topography of desert areas is intricate,characterized by harsh wind and sand environments,making the destruction of vegetation a straightforward process,however,restoring ecological systems in such conditions poses significant challenges.Effectively enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation while simultaneously safeguarding vegetation presents a formidable challenge during the construction of large-scale photovoltaic power stations.This study focuses on the investigation and analysis of natural environmental conditions,vegetation status,and soil water characteristics in the project area located at the southern of Tengger Desert.Furthermore,we examine the correlation between sand-fixing shrub cover and shrub mortality as well as the relationship between soil water content and both shrub cover and shrub mortality.Based on the long-term ecological research findings of sand-fixing vegetation,this study proposes scientific recommendations for plant protection and ecological restoration in desert areas,aiming to facilitate the exploration and development of an integrated model combining desert photovoltaic construction with ecological protection and restoration.These proposals aim to provide technical support for establishing highquality large-scale demonstration base of desert photovoltaic power

关 键 词：腾格里沙漠 大型光伏基地 荒漠化防治 植被保护 生态保护 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]