河西走廊绿洲农业水生产力提升的途径与对策  

Pathway and countermeasures to improve agricultural water productivity in oasis of Hexi Corridor

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作  者:任珩 赵文智 杨荣 杜泽玉 Ren Heng;Zhao Wenzhi;Yang Rong;Du Zeyu(Linze Inland River Basin Research Station/Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Knowledge Computing and Intelligent Decision,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区:[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,中国生态系统研究网络临泽内流河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃省知识计算与决策智能重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出  处:《中国沙漠》2024年第5期217-224,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基  金:国家社会科学基金项目(23XGL035);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060304);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022YB138)。

摘  要:水生产力指单位体积或价值水资源生产出的产品数量或价值,提升水生产力是荒漠绿洲可持续发展的重要方向。河西走廊不仅是中国西北地区重要的生态安全屏障,也是主要的绿洲农业生产区。河西走廊在绿洲灌溉农业、国民经济发展和生态保护建设等方面取得了显著成就,但农业水生产力低仍深刻地影响着绿洲发展。本文梳理了河西走廊水土资源利用现状,分析了绿洲土壤有机质和持水力特点及其与水生产力的关系,提出了通过提升土壤有机质、土壤持水力的途径来提高绿洲水生产力。建议绿洲管理中应尊重绿洲化过程规律,保护灌漠土资源,严格限制将有较好生产力的灌漠土耕地转化为非耕地;根据土壤状况确定优先改良的土壤,尤其是表层有机质含量1.0%~1.8%和田间持水量20%~25%的土壤;从地表水配置、耕作、施肥和作物布局优化等多方面提升绿洲土壤有机质和土壤持水力,以实现河西走廊绿洲农业水生产力提升。Water productivity refers to the quantity or value of products produced by per unit volume or value of water resources.Improving water productivity is an important direction for the sustainable development of desert oasis.The Hexi Corridor is not only an important ecological barrier of northwestern China,but also a typical irrigated agricultural area in the northwestern China.After more than 70 years of development,the Hexi Corridor has made very significant achievements in oasis irrigation agriculture,national economic development and ecological protection construction.However,low agricultural water productivity still affects the development of oasis profoundly.This paper combs the current status of utilization of water and soil resources in the Hexi Corridor,analyzes the characteristics of oasis soil organic matter and water holding capacity as well as their relationships with water productivity,and proposes the approaches to improve oasis water productivity by increasing soil organic matter and soil water holding capacity.In order to protect the safety and stability of the Hexi Corridor ecological barrier and the sustainable development of oasis agriculture,it is recommended that respecting the process of oasisization in oasis management,protecting irrigated desert soil resources,and restricting the conversion of irrigated desert soil cultivated land with good productivity into non-cultivated land strictly;determining the areas that should be prioritized for improvement according to the soil condition,especially the soil with surface organic matter of 1.0%-1.8%and field capacity between 20%and 25%;in order to realize the improvement of agricultural water productivity in the oasis of the Hexi Corridor.

关 键 词:河西走廊 绿洲 水生产力 土壤有机质 田间持水量 

分 类 号:P349[天文地球—水文科学]

 

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