腐植酸包膜尿素减少土壤氮素损失的研究  

Humate-Coated Urea as a Tool to Decrease Nitrogen Losses in Soil

作　　者：Konstantin Korsakov Alexey Stepanov Lev Pozdnyakov Olga Yakimenko 刘晓蕾(译) 寇太记(译)[3] Konstantin Korsakov;Alexey Stepanov;Lev Pozdnyakov;Olga Yakimenko write;Liu Xiaolei;Kou Taiji(Life Force Group LLC Moscow,Moscow,Russia,119234;Department of Soil Science,Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia,119991;College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,471023)

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯莫斯科生命力量集团有限责任公司,莫斯科119234 [2]俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学土壤科学系,莫斯科119991 [3]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《腐植酸》2024年第5期50-58,共9页Humic Acid

摘　　要：通过室内模型试验,以普通尿素(U)、腐植酸包膜尿素(U-HA)和脲酶抑制剂N-(正丁基)硫磷三酰胺处理尿素(U-UI)为研究对象,研究了3种尿素肥料对土壤氮素转化过程的影响。更正研究了尿素肥料对土壤化学(水浸提N-NH4和N-NO3含量)和微生物特性(N2O实际和潜在排放速率、基础呼吸和底物诱导的呼吸、微生物生物量碳、乙烯排放速率)的影响,旨在验证:(i)腐植酸包膜尿素是否具有减少土壤氮素损失的能力;(ii)与合成脲酶抑制剂相比,它是如何影响土壤生物活性的。结果表明,U-HA在减少土壤氮素损失方面具有与U相当的优势,使土壤N-NH4含量增加了35%,硝酸盐含量减少了9%,N2O排放减少了50%。U-HA使土壤基础呼吸提高了10%,土壤微生物群落比活性提高了7%,提供了最高的代谢熵qCO_(2)。与U-UI相比,U-HA主要表现为介于U-UI和U之间的效果。考虑到腐植酸原料成本低,U-HA可以被认为是减少土壤氮素损失的有前景的工具。Processes of N transformation in soil as affected by application of the three kinds of urea fertilizers,conventional urea(U),humate-coated urea(U-HA),and urea treated with the urease inhibitor NBPT(U-UI),are examined in a model laboratory experiment.Effects of urea fertilizers on soil chemical(content of water-extractable N-NH4 and N-NO,),and microbiological properties(rate of actual and potential N,O emission,basal and substrate-induced respiration,microbial biomass C,emission of ethylene)are focused to answer the following questions:(i)whether humate-coated urea has the ability to decrease N losses in soil;and(ii)how it affects soil biological activity comparable to synthetic urease inhibitor.The results showed that U-HA demonstrated advantages comparable to U in its ability to decrease N losses in soil:it increased N-NH4 content by 35%,reduced nitrate content by 9%,and decreased N,O emissions by 50%.U-HA promoted basal soil respiration by 10%and the specific activity of the soil microbial community by 7%,providing the highest metabolic quotient qCO2.Comparably to NBPT-treated U,U-HA mainly shows intermediate results between U-UI and conventional U.Considering the low cost of raw humates,U-HA can be regarded as a promising tool to decrease N losses in soils.

关 键 词：腐殖质 腐植酸钾 风化褐煤 尿素 无机养分 氨化作用 反硝化作用 脲酶抑制剂 

分 类 号：TQ314.1[化学工程—高聚物工业] TQ441.41