弗兰肯斯坦怪物的银幕显影——西方后人类科幻电影中身体话语的哲学溯源和文化论争  

The Cinematic Representations of Dr.Frankenstein's Monster:The Philosophical Genealogy and Cultural Debate of Body Discourses in Western Posthuman Science Fiction Films

作　　者：林伟 Lin Wei(School of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510403)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学外国语学院,广州510006

出　　处：《科普创作评论》2024年第3期64-72,80,共10页Science Writing Review

基　　金：教育部产学协同育人项目“人工智能背景下大学英语专任教师职业素养提升路径研究”(231106434135824);2023广州中医药大学人文社会科学培育项目“当代英美文学作品中的医疗技术伦理问题研究”(2023YPBY14)。

摘　　要：西方科幻电影中的身体叙事是后人类语境下身体话语不断交锋的场域。后人类身体想象折射出科技语境下围绕“人”的本质展开的思想论争。其中,超人类主义延续了自由人文主义的思想传统,希望借助科技手段延续、拓展“自我”能动性和意志。而批判后人类主义则表现出一种去中心化的文化诉求,将身体从人类中心主义思维模式中解放出来。西方后人类科幻电影中的身体叙事,既描绘出技术与自然生命融合所允诺的乌托邦未来,也通过技术侵染后怪诞、失控的身体意象表达出对启蒙人性丧失的恐惧。同时,后人类身体引发的身份流变也挑战着本质主义的身份观念和传统生命政治学中的性别、种族偏见。Western science fiction films serve as a battleground for competing discourses on the posthuman body.The imagination of the posthuman body reflects the philosophical debates surrounding the essence of human being in the technological context.Within these debates,transhumanism,extending the humanist tradition,envisions posthuman cyborgs as embodiments of a liberated subjectivity,seeking to enhance human agency and will through technology.Moreover,critical posthumanism advocates for a decentralized culture that challenges anthropocentric views of the body.Therefore,the body narratives in Western posthuman science fiction films portray both the utopian vision of a technologically enhanced future,where technology merges with organic life,and the dystopian fear of the loss of Enlightenment humanism,as manifested in grotesque and uncontrollable body images resulting from technological corruption.Meanwhile,the plasticity of posthuman bodies challenges the essentialist assumptions of human identity,thereby deconstructing traditional biopolitical categories such as gender and race.

关 键 词：后人类主义 超人类主义 赛博格 身体叙事 能动性 流动性 

分 类 号：J905[艺术—电影电视艺术]