公共场所生物恐怖事件卫生应急装备体系构建  

Design of a public health emergency equipment system for bioterrorism events in public places based on literature review,scenario analysis and Delphi consultation

作　　者：孙晓文 张永忠 赵超 邓天阳 白松 SUN Xiaowen;ZHANG Yongzhong;ZHAO Chao;DENG Tianyang;BAI Song(Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学应急医学研究院,天津300072 [2]天津大学生物安全战略研究中心,天津300072 [3]天津大学化工学院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第10期1212-1219,共8页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600504);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJCZH232)。

摘　　要：目的提高重大公共场所生物恐怖事件现场卫生应急装备规范化水平,构建事件现场卫生应急装备体系。方法基于国内法律法规、2004—2023年国内外卫生应急相关文献以及国内卫生应急装备企业和相关应急队伍装备配置情况调研数据,首先,应用情景分析法,从生物恐怖事件的发生环境、现场人员的生存需求和任务需求、应急响应采取的方法3个方面探讨卫生应急装备功能需求;其次,参考国家卫生应急装备配备标准,通过文献分析和市场调研,确定装备体系初步方案;最后,采用德尔菲法对方案进行修改和完善。结果2轮专家咨询的积极系数均为100%,专家权威系数均值为0.855;专家意见协调系数分别为0.226和0.258(均P<0.001),专家意见协调程度较好。最终构建了包括“侦查、检验、洗消、防护、治疗”5个方面的32个功能单元,构建了由162种装备组成的重大公共场所生物恐怖事件现场卫生应急装备体系。结论构建的卫生应急装备体系具有一定的针对性和可靠性,可为卫生应急队伍的装备体系建设以及生物恐怖事件现场卫生应急装备的使用提供参考。Objective To improve the standardization of health emergency equipment at the scene of major public bioterrorism events and to establish a health emergency equipment system for such events.Methods Based on domestic laws and regulations,domestic and international literature on health emergencies from 2004 to 2023,and survey data on the equipment configuration of domestic health emergency equipment enterprises and relevant emergency response teams,this study first used scenario analysis to explore the functional requirements of health emergency equipment from three aspects:the environment in which bioterrorism events occur,the survival and task requirements of personnel at the scene,and the methods of emergency response.Second,with reference to national standards for the allocation of health emergency equipment,a preliminary plan for the equipment system was determined through literature analysis and market research.Finally,the Delphi method was used to revise and improve the plan.Results The positive coefficient of expert consultation in both rounds was 100%,and the mean coefficient of expert authority was 0.855.The coordination coefficients of the expert opinions were 0.226 and 0.258,respectively(both P<0.001),indicating a good degree of coordination among the expert opinions.Ultimately,32 functional units were constructed,including five aspects:investigation,testing,decontamination,protection,and treatment,and a health emergency equipment system for major public bioterrorism events was constructed,consisting of 162 units/sets of instruments or equipment.Conclusion The constructed medical emergency equipment system has a certain degree of pertinence and reliability and can serve as a reference for the construction of medical emergency team equipment systems and the use of medical emergency equipment at the scene of bioterrorism events.

关 键 词：生物恐怖 卫生应急 装备体系 情景分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]