2020—2023年漯河市健康人群破伤风抗体水平调查  

Tetanus antibody levels in healthy people from 2020 to 2023 in Luohe City

作　　者：贾孝提[1] JIA Xiaoti(Department of Immunization Program,Luohe Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luohe 462000,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]漯河市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,河南漯河462000

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2024年第5期60-64,共5页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

摘　　要：目的了解漯河市健康人群破伤风抗体水平,为优化免疫策略提供依据。方法2020—2023年采用多阶段分层抽样法抽取1283名调查对象,采用ELISA技术检测血清样本抗破伤风类毒素IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率(≥0.01 IU/mL)和保护率(≥0.1 IU/mL)。结果2020—2023年漯河市健康人群总抗破伤风类毒素IgG抗体(IgG antibody against tetanus toxoid,Anti-TT)阳性率、保护率分别为85.89%(1102/1283)、42.01%(539/1283)。男性Anti-TT阳性率(515/576,89.41%)比女性(587/707,83.03%)高(P=0.01),男性保护率(283/576,49.13%)也比女性(256/707,36.21%)高(P<0.001)。年龄分布Anti-TT阳性率、保护率最高为1~2岁儿童的100%(120/120)、99.17%(119/120),最低为>39~59岁人群的68.40%(171/250)、5.20%(13/250)(P<0.001)。工人的抗体阳性率(15/34,44.12%)和服务行业人员的保护率(3/45,6.67%)低于其他职业人群。在接种含破伤风类毒素疫苗(tetanus toxoid containing vaccine,TTCV)人群中,与无免疫史和免疫史不详者相比,有免疫史者抗体阳性率和保护率均更高,差异均有统计学意义(P_(抗体阳性率)和P_(保护率)均<0.001)。抗体阳性率和保护率均随接种时间的延长而降低。结论随着年龄增长,漯河市健康人群破伤风抗体水平逐渐下降,建议开展15岁以上人群破伤风疫苗加强免疫。Objective To explore the levels of antibody to tetanus in healthy people in Luohe City,so as to provide a basis for optimizing immune strategies.Methods A total of 1283 healthy individuals were selected using stratified sampling from 2020 to 2023,and serum samples were collected and tested for anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody(anti-TT)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The positive rate(≥0.01 IU/mL)and protection rate(≥0.1 IU/mL)of anti-TT were analyzed.Results The overall positive rate and protection rate were 85.89%(1102/1283)and 42.01%(539/1283),respectively.The positive rate of antibody in males(515/576,89.41%)was significant higher than that in females(587/707,83.03%)(P=0.01),and the similar result was also obtained for the protection rate in males(283/576,49.13%)compared to the females(256/707,36.21%)(P<0.001).The highest age specific anti TT positive rate and protection rate were respectively 100%(120/120)and 99.17%(119/120)in children aged 1-2,while the lowest were 68.40%(171/250)and 5.20%(13/250)in the population aged>39~59(P<0.001).The lowest rates of antibody positivity and protection were severally observed in workers(15/34,44.12%)and service industry personnels(3/45,6.67%).There were statistically significant differences in antibody positive rate and protection rate decreased with the prolongation of vaccination time between TTCV-vaccinated individuals and those without or with unknown immunization history(both P<0.001).Conclusion The level of anti-TT antibody decreases with age in healthy people in Luohe City.It is suggested that TTCV shoud be strengthened in people aged 15 years old or over.

关 键 词：破伤风 抗体水平 加强免疫 酶联免疫吸附试验 免疫史 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]