红前期疟疾疫苗研发进展  

Progress in research and development of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines

作　　者：冯晓琳(综述) 陈勇(审校) FENG Xiaolin;CHEN Yong(The Fourth Research Department,Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Gansu Provincial Vaccine Technology Innovation Center,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州生物制品研究所有限责任公司第四研究室甘肃省疫苗技术创新中心,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2024年第5期71-76,共6页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

摘　　要：疟疾(malaria)是疟原虫感染所致的传染病,主要流行于热带和亚热带地区。疟疾严重危害了人类的生命安全,亟需有效的疟疾疫苗作为防控手段。目前红前期多种候选疫苗已被探索,包括亚单位疫苗、全孢子体疫苗、病毒载体疫苗和mRNA疫苗。其中以恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparum)红前期环子孢子蛋白(circumsporozoite protein,CSP)为抗原研制的亚单位疫苗RTS,S/AS01和R21/Matrix-M已获WHO批准。这两款疫苗接种后均可降低疟疾的患病率和死亡率。同时,基于mRNA的新型冠状病毒疫苗已取得成功,这重新引起了研究者对mRNA疫苗平台的兴趣。mRNA疟疾疫苗成为疟疾疫苗开发的新途径。现就CSP的生物学特性及红前期疟疾疫苗研究现状作一概述。Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium infection,which is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.Malaria is seriously endangering human life,and an effective vaccine is urgently needed as a way of prevention.There were many pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates had been explored,including subunit vaccines,whole-sporosomal vaccines,viral-vectored vaccines,and mRNA vaccines.Among them,the subunit vaccines RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M,developed with Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage circumsporozoite protein as antigens,had been approved by the WHO.Both can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality after vaccination.At the same time,the success of mRNA-based vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 has reignited interest in mRNA vaccine platforms.The mRNA malaria vaccine represent novel stage during the development malaria vaccine.This article summarizes the biological characteristics of CSP and the research status of malaria vaccine in pre-erythrocytic period.

关 键 词：疟疾疫苗 红前期疫苗 环子孢子蛋白 亚单位疫苗 全孢子体疫苗 病毒载体疫苗 mRNA疫苗 

分 类 号：R382.31[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]