国际海洋法对陆源放射性污染的规制效果——基于“气候变化案”影响的讨论  

Effectiveness of Regulations on Radioactive Pollution from Land-based Sources in International Law of the Sea:A Discussion Based on Implications of the Climate Change Case

作　　者：张诗奡 Zhang Shi'ao

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系学院,南京210023

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2024年第6期91-107,I0004,共18页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:2024300116)。

摘　　要：陆源放射性污染问题长期以来受到国际法碎片化问题的制约。“福岛核污染水”问题,折射出防止陆源放射性污染问题的国际法规则局限性。这与《联合国海洋法公约》是否适用“预防原则”以及是否可以引述外部规则等问题有关。国际海洋法法庭在“气候变化案”咨询意见中对上述问题有所触及。“气候变化案”自身在程序合理性与合法性层面存在瑕疵,但其法律论述可能影响未来海洋法规则实践的发展。该案实体部分针对“预防原则”与外部规则的解读,对于“福岛核污染水”问题提出的有关防止陆源放射性污染的国际法规则挑战具有潜在影响。基于“气候变化案”的逻辑,以“福岛核污染水”问题为对象进行推演,有助于预判未来陆源放射性污染相关国际法规则的效力演变。The issue of radioactive pollution from land-based sources has long been subject to the fragmentation of international law.The releasing plan of“Fukushima nuclear contaminated water”reflects limitations of international rules on prevention of radioactive pollution from land-based sources.This is related to the question of whether the UNCLOS applies the“precautionary principle”and whether external rules can be invoked.The ITLOS touched these issues in its advisory opinion in the Climate Change case.The Climate Change case itself is flawed at the level of procedural reasonableness and legality,but its legal discourse may influence the development of practice on related international rules in the future.The interpretation of the“precautionary principle”and of external rules in merits of the case has a potential impact on the challenges to international law on prevention of radioactive pollution from land-based sources posed by the issue of“Fukushima radioactive contaminated water”.Based on the logic of the Climate Change case,extrapolation to the issue will help to predict future evolution of the effectiveness of international rules relating to radioactive pollution from land-based sources.

关 键 词：气候变化案 福岛核污染水 海洋法公约 国际核法 海洋环境 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]