山区陡坡坡面产流产沙过程的降雨试验研究  

Experimental study on rainfall-runoff process and sediment erosion on steep slopes in mountain regions

作　　者：童晓霞 崔远来[1] 邵东国[1] 李建明[2,3] 丁文峰[2,3] 张冠华 陈锦阳[2,3] TONG Xiaoxia;CUI Yuanlai;SHAO Dongguo;LI Jianming;DING Wenfeng;ZHANG Guanhua;CHEN Jinyang(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;Research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China;Innovation Team for Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉430010 [3]水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉430010 [4]长江水利委员会水旱灾害防御创新团队,武汉430010

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2024年第11期71-80,共10页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金(U2340215);国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0111900);国家自然科学基金(42377330)。

摘　　要：为弄清雨强、土层厚度分布和土层底部透水性交互作用对山区陡坡坡面产流产沙过程影响规律,本文基于4种设计土槽进行室内模拟连续降雨试验。结果表明:地表径流率在连续降雨过程中呈明显波动上升趋势,侵蚀速率均值在连续降雨过程中呈现先增加后减小的趋势。地表径流率主要受到雨强的影响,方差贡献率达88.85%,侵蚀速率主要受到雨强以及土层厚度分布和雨强的交互影响,方差贡献率分别为46.13%和20.64%,土层厚度分布和土层底部透水性的交互作用对侵蚀速率也有一定影响,方差贡献率为9.21%。因此,除考虑雨强外,还应兼顾考虑土层厚度分布、土层底部透水性及其交互作用对产流产沙过程的影响。本研究可为山区坡面复杂下垫面条件下的坡面产流产沙机理提供理论支撑。In this work,we conduct a laboratory experiment to simulate continuous rainfall based on four designed soil tanks to clarify the interaction effects of different rainfall intensities,soil layer thickness distribution,and soil base permeability on runoff generation and sediment erosion on hillslopes.The results show that the surface runoff rate takes an increasing trend with significant fluctuations during continuous rainfall,and the average erosion rate shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The surface runoff rate is influenced mainly by rainfall intensity,with a variance contribution rate of 88.85%;the erosion rate is affected primarily by rainfall intensity and its interaction with soil layer thickness distribution,with variance contribution rates of 46.13%and 20.64%,respectively.And the interaction between soil layer thickness distribution and soil base permeability also has a certain impact on the erosion rate,with a variance contribution rate of 9.21%.Therefore,besides rainfall intensity,we should consider the factors of soil layer thickness,soil base permeability,and their interactive effects on the runoff and sediment yield process.This study would lay a basis for understanding the mechanisms of runoff generation and sediment erosion on hillslopes under complex underlying conditions.

关 键 词：降雨 产流 产沙 土层厚度分布 土层底部透水性 交互影响 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源]