刘邦称帝与贵族政治的终结  

On Liu Bang’s Accession to the Throne and the End of Aristocracy

作　　者：孟宪实[1] Meng Xianshi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第6期44-51,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：对于先秦时代的中国社会,学界有诸多讨论,就制度而言也是言人人殊。夏商周是中国的贵族时代,政治则为贵族政治。春秋战国时期的历史剧变,正是贵族政治瓦解、士大夫政治发生发展的过程。秦朝统一中国,秦国制度推行全国,中国的贵族政治告别历史。但是,在最高领导人出身问题上,还保留了贵族政治的最后一点残余。秦末农民战争中,平民出身的刘邦脱颖而出。刘邦称帝成功,宣告中国历史告别了贵族时代。新的历史如何概括,史家多有讨论。赵翼曾经用“布衣将相”概括西汉初期的政治局面,基于历史实际与理论思考,本文认同并使用“士大夫政治”这个概念。The academic community has engaged in extensive discussions regarding Chinese society during the pre-Qin period,with varying opinions on its political system.The Xia,Shang,and Zhou Dynasties are the aristocratic era in China,with a political form of aristocracy.The historical upheaval during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period disintegrated aristocracy and developed scholarly politics.With the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty,the Qin system was implemented nationwide,and China’s aristocracy politics was put to an end.However,highest leaders were still from aristocratic families.At the end of the Qin Dynasty,Liu Bang,of humble birth,became the Emperor Gaozu in the peasant war.Liu Bang’s accession to the throne declared the end of the aristocratic era in Chinese history.Historians have discussed extensively on how to summarize the new historical period.Zhao Yi once summarized the political situation in the early Western Han Dynasty with the phrase“Commoner Generals and Ministers”.Based on historical facts and theoretical analysis,this article acknowledges and uses the concept of“Scholarly Politics”.

关 键 词：先秦 贵族政治 刘邦称帝 秦汉 士大夫政治 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]