秦县级公田经营管理问题新探  

A New Study of the Management of County Public Land in the Qin Dynasty

作　　者：刘鹏 Liu Peng

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第6期118-127,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“秦农业经营与管理研究”(22FZSB003)。

摘　　要：与民田多由授田制下的秦民直接开垦相比,秦公田的来源渠道较为多样,主要有役使田徒垦荒、没收罪犯田地、收归无主土地等。但罪犯田地被没收后,并不都转化为由政府直接垦种的公田。秦简中的“田徒”除主要指代垦种公田的徒隶外,还应包括了从事该种劳役的戍卒、百姓居赀赎债者等编户民。秦统治者十分重视对田徒的充分役使,不仅颁行了严密的调拨法令以保障其充足供给,还贯彻了合理使用原则。此外,秦统治者在强调勉力生产的同时,也十分注重公田吏的合法经营管理。秦令规定公田吏坐罪案件需及时上报,并为之提供了切实可行的制度保障,以确保公田经营管理的高效运转。Compared with the direct reclamation of private land under the land grant system,the sources of Qin public fields were more varied,such as requiring Tiantu(田徒)to reclaim wasteland,confiscating criminals’fields and recovering land without owners.However,not all of the confiscated land of criminals were converted into public land for government cultivation.Tiantu in Qin bamboo slips mainly refers to Tuli(徒隶),the guards and citizens paying for their fines or debts(居赀赎债)engaged in farming the public land.The rulers of Qin attached great importance to the service of Tiantu by issuing strict transfer laws to ensure enough labor,and implementing the principle of fair use.In addition,while the Qin rulers emphasized production,they also paid great attention to the legal management by public land officials.The Qin Decree stipulated that cases of official crime must be reported in a timely manner,and provided practical system to ensure the efficient management of public fields.

关 键 词：县级公田 田徒 公田吏 经营管理 秦简 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学]