19世纪中期英格兰地方与中央关系的转变——以公共健康为视角  

The Transformation of the Relationship between Local and Central Government in England in the Mid-19th Century:from the Perspective of Public Health

作　　者：赵秀荣[1] 张君言 ZHAO Xiurong;ZHANG Junyan(History School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第6期101-111,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“人类瘟疫史”(21&ZD241)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自中世纪起,英格兰就确立了地方自治传统,地方一直抗拒中央对其管辖。19世纪30年代随着公共健康运动的发展,英格兰涌现大量关于地方与中央关系的讨论,既有支持地方自治的呼声,也有支持中央集权的号召,当然也有希望双方合作的倡议。1858年的《公共健康法》和《地方政府法》对地方做出让步,但由于地方缺乏改善公共健康措施的资金和专业知识、1866年《卫生法》规定民众可以直接向中央投诉地方政府的不作为,以及现实的压力等原因,到1875年地方逐渐有限度地接受中央的介入。英格兰公共健康的发展促进了地方与中央关系的改变,推动了国家治理模式的现代化。Since the Middle Ages,England has established a tradition of local self-government and has always resisted the control of central government.With the development of the public health movement in the 1830s,there was a great deal of discussion about the relationship between the central and local government in England.Some people supported local autonomy,whilst others called for centralization.There were also initiatives for cooperation between the two.The Public Health Act and the Local Government Act of 1858 made concessions to local autonomy,but due to the lack of local funds and expertise in improving sanitary measures,the fact that people could directly complain to the central government about the inaction of local authorities according to the Sanitary Act 1866,and other practical reasons,by 1875 local government gradually accepted the intervention of the central government to some degree.The development of public health in the England promoted change in the relationship between local and central governments and promoted the modernization of the traditional governance model.

关 键 词：英格兰 公共健康 中央政府 地方政府 

分 类 号：K561.43[历史地理—历史学]