近代大变局下的徽商——以20世纪二三十年代的汉口徽州钱商为中心  

Huizhou Merchants in the Great Changes of Modern China:Centered around the Huizhou Money Merchants in Hankou during the 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：梁仁志[1] 张建平 LIANG Renzhi;ZHANG Jianping(College of History,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第6期120-129,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：安徽省高校协同创新项目“近代徽商资料整理与研究”(GXXT-2021-050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为顺应近代大变局,徽州典商迅速向钱商转型,并在近代汉口钱业中处于优势地位,充分展现了徽商与时俱进的品格和从明清到近代商业发展之延续性,也表明近代以后徽商并未彻底衰落。为应对20世纪二三十年代的钱业危机,汉口徽商充分利用钱帮公所、钱业汇划所、钱业公会、钱业公栈、钱业公库、金融调剂委员会等组织,从而进入到组织化发展阶段。徽商的组织化发展,既是其近代转型的基本路径,也是近代大变局下商人群体在既有的稳定性和安全感被打碎之后尝试重构的一种几乎本能反应。在巨大的社会危机下,近代商人群体只能被时代裹挟着前进,走被动转型之路。业缘组织的发展虽然有效提升了徽商应对近代危机、推动商业进步的能力,但也无法完全取代地缘组织。近代商人群体的力量远非我们想象的强大,对其社会地位不宜作过高估计,他们对政治的依附性依然很强。In order to adapt to the great changes of modern China,pawnbrokers in Huizhou quickly transformed into money shop merchants and held an advantageous position in the modern Hankou money shop industry,fully demonstrating the quality of Huizhou merchants keeping up with the times and the continuity of commercial development from the Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times.It also indicates that Huizhou merchants have not completely declined since modern times.In order to cope with the crisis of the money industry in the 1920s and 1930s,Huizhou merchants in Hankou fully utilized organizations such as the Qianbang Office,Qianye Remittance Office,Qianye Guild,Qianye Public Warehouse,Qianye Public Treasury,and Financial Adjustment Committee,thus entering the stage of organized development.The organized development of the Huizhou Merchants Gang was not only the basic path of its modern transformation,but also an almost instinctive reaction of the merchant group to attempt reconstruction after the existing stability and sense of security were shattered under the great changes of modern times.Under the enormous social crisis,the Modern merchants community can only be driven forward by the crisis of the times and take a passive path of transformation.The development of business organizations has effectively enhanced the ability of Huizhou merchants to cope with modern crises and promote commercial progress,but it cannot completely replace geographical organizations.The power of the Modern merchants community is far from what we imagine,and their social status should not be overestimated.Their dependence on the political power is still deep.

关 键 词：汉口 徽商 近代大变局 组织化 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]