“三九事变”后法国与中美针对收容与利用在华法越军队问题的交涉  

France and Sino-American Negotiations on the Internment and Utilization of French and Vietnamese Troops in China after the Coup of 9 March 1945

作　　者：马吟婷 MA Yinting(The Institute of Political and Social Sciences,Paris-Saclay University,Paris 91190,France)

机构地区：[1]巴黎-萨克雷大学政治社会科学研究所,法国巴黎91190

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第6期159-168,共10页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：1945年3月9日,日军在法属印度支那发动“三九事变”,推翻了法国在当地的殖民统治。事变发生后,5000余名法越军人因弹尽粮绝被迫撤退至中国广西、云南地区。4月至8月,法国代表与中国战区中美领导人展开交涉,以期在华法越军队可得到盟国的收容与援助,日后与盟国并肩作战,从而为法国恢复在印度支那的殖民主权提供依据。然而,由于法国制定的重返印支战略较为理想化,存在一定缺陷,导致其与中美谈判策略失当。此外,因为法国自身实力较弱,加之与中美两国在战后印度支那问题上存在根本矛盾,因此,这场三方交涉充满波折。随着日本败降与冷战序幕的拉开,在法美关系改善的背景下,中法两国经过不断交涉达成协议,1946年2月在华法越军队得以重返印度支那。On 9 March 1945,the Japanese overthrew French colonial rule in French Indochina by launching the“coup d’état”.After the incident,more than 5000 French and Vietnamese soldiers,having exhausted their ammunition and supplies,were forced to retreat to the Guangxi and Yunnan regions of China.From April to August 1945,French representatives negotiated with the Chinese and American leaders in the Chinese theatre of war,with a view to receiving assistance from the Allies,so that the French and Vietnamese troops in China could join them in the war against Japan and provide a basis for the restoration of French colonial sovereignty in Indochina.However,due to the overly idealistic and somewhat flawed strategy formulated by France for its return to Indochina,its negotiation tactics with China and the United States were ineffective.Furthermore,France’s weakened position,combined with fundamental disagreements with China and the United States over post-war issues in Indochina,the trilateral negotiations were fraught with difficulties.With the defeat of Japan and the start of the Cold War,the attitudes of France,China and the United States changed with regard to the use of French and Vietnamese troops in China.Amid Japan’s defeat and the onset of the Cold War,and against the backdrop of improving Franco-American relations,China and France reached an agreement after continuous negotiations,allowing French and Vietnamese forces stationed in China to return to Indochina in February 1946.

关 键 词：“三九事变” 蒋介石 戴高乐 阿尔伯特·魏德迈 印度支那 

分 类 号：K565.46[历史地理—历史学] K333.4[历史地理—世界史] K265.9