高黎贡山区域中药材药性的组成特征及垂直格局  

Composition Characteristics and Altitudinal Pattern of Medicinal Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gaoligong Mountains

作　　者：马启奥 孙楷 王宏超 李利平 李颖[1] 李晓琳[1] 程蒙[1] 杨光[1] 池秀莲[1] MA Qi-ao;SUN Kai;WANG Hong-chao;LI Li-ping;LI Ying;LI Xiao-lin;CHENG Meng;YANG Guang;CHI Xiu-lian(State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [2]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2024年第11期1833-1842,共10页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03908);国家自然科学基金项目(82173930);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-087)。

摘　　要：目的:研究高黎贡山药用植物所产中药材的药性、药味、功效的组成特征和关联性,以及其与海拔的关系。方法:采用随机置换检验方法计算各中药药性间的共现概率,评估其关联显著性,采用最小二乘法拟合直线、二次或三次曲线探索各药性中药物种丰富度与海拔的关系。结果:高黎贡山所产药用植物多可作为性平、味苦、功效为清热的药材使用。该地区中药“性-味-效”关联符合传统药性理论,表现为苦味药多性寒、凉,多有清热解毒、祛风湿等功效;辛味药多性温、热,多有祛风湿、理气、解表、温里等功效;甘味药多性平,多有补虚等功效。不同药性中药丰富度呈现不同的垂直分布格局:寒性药丰富度与海拔呈倒钟形关系,凉性药丰富度与海拔呈负相关,平性药、温性药丰富度与海拔总体呈正相关。酸味药、甘味药、涩味药丰富度与海拔呈倒钟形关系,苦味药、辛味药、淡味药丰富度与海拔呈钟形关系,咸味药丰富度与海拔总体呈负相关。清热药、化痰止咳平喘药、化湿药、驱虫药、解表药、杀虫止痒药、安神药丰富度与海拔关系不明显,活血化瘀药、止血药、开窍药、平肝熄风药丰富度与海拔呈倒钟形关系,祛风湿药丰富度与海拔呈钟形关系,补虚药丰富度与海拔呈正线性相关,消食药、收涩药、利水渗湿药、泻下药丰富度与海拔总体呈负相关,理气药、温里药丰富度随海拔升高呈先上升再降低后上升趋势,拔毒生肌药丰富度随海拔升高呈先降低再上升后降低趋势。结论:高黎贡山地区所产中药材的药性丰富多样,不同药性中药分布与海拔密切相关,反映了中药药性形成受基原植物生长环境的影响。Objective:To investigate the composition characteristics of natures,flavors,and efficacy of herbal medicines derived from the medicinal plants in Gaoligong Mountains,as well as their intercorrelations and associationis with altitude.Methods:The random permutation test was conducted to evaluate the co-occurrence probability and correlation significance among the medicinal properties of medicinal plants.The least square method was used to fit the linear,quadratic or cubic curve to explore the relationship between richness of various medicinal herbs with distinct properties and altitude.Results:The predominant medicinal plants found in Gaoligong Mountains are characterized by nature of plain,flavor of bitter,and efficacy of heat-clearing as herbs.The interrelationship among natures,flavors,and efficacy of herbal medicines in Gaoligong Mountains conforms to the traditional theory of medicinal properties,which is delineated as follows:Bitter herbs were mostly cold and cool and had the efficacy of clearing heat,detoxifying,and dispelling wind and dampness.Pungent herbs were mostly warm and hot and had the efficacy of expelling wind and dampness,regulating qi movement,releasing the exterior,and warming the interior.Sweet herbs were mostly plain and had the efficacy of tonifying deficiency.The diversity of herbal medicines,distinguished by their varied medicinal properties,exhibited distinct altitudinal distribution patterns.The richness of cold herbs and cool herbs showed an inverted bell-shaped relationship and a negative correlation with altitude,respectively.The richness of plain herbs and warm herbs was positively correlated with altitude.The richness of sour herbs,sweet herbs,and astringent herbs showed an inverted bell-shaped relationship with altitude.The richness of bitter herbs,pungent herbs,and bland herbs showed a bell-shaped relationship with altitude.The richness of salty herbs was negatively correlated with altitude.The richness of heat-clearing herbs,phlegm-resolving and cough-and dyspnea-relieving herbs,

关 键 词：高黎贡山 药用植物 海拔 药性 药味 功效 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]