高速深螺旋槽机械密封端面环形槽降温传热机理分析  

Mechanism Analysis of Face Annular Groove Cooling and Heat Transfer in High-speed Deep Spiral-groove Mechanical Seals

作　　者：马学忠 赵吉军 张伟政[1] MA Xuezhong;ZHAO Jijun;ZHANG Weizheng(School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;China Nuclear Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中核工程咨询有限公司,北京100089

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2024年第6期293-302,共10页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005236);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA289)。

摘　　要：间隙内流体黏性生热量大、端面温升高是机械密封在高速工况下存在的关键共性问题之一,密封端面型槽将对跨尺度间隙内流体传热产生重要的影响。既有研究发现,静环内径侧开设环形槽可有效减小密封端面温升,为深入研究其传热过程及降温作用机理,应用ANSYS Fluent软件建立了深环形槽–深螺旋槽复合式端面构型(ASG)与经典深螺旋槽端面构型(SG)的热流体动力润滑(THD)模型,并在湍流计算模型下对比分析环形槽的传热过程,揭示其降温作用机理,讨论其几何参数对机械密封性能及降温效果的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面内径侧环形槽区因液膜较厚、流体剪切作用较小,润滑流体黏性产热量显著减小,从而有效降低了润滑液膜及密封端面温度;且环形槽槽深、槽宽的适当增加可强化其降温作用,最高达15 K,即温升下降约33%。此外,环形槽的降温作用导致流体黏度损失减小,故深环形槽–深螺旋槽复合式端面构型的密封承载性能与摩擦学性能相比经典深螺旋槽端面构型均有所提升。环形槽使密封环内径侧径向压力梯度增大,密封泄漏率有所增加,单位时间内泄漏流体带走了更多的黏性热量,加之环形槽的开设增加了内径侧高温流体与静环的对流换热面积,均有助于降温。上述结构及环形槽可有效降低润滑液膜与密封端面温升,增加液膜汽化裕度,对机械密封的高速化具有显著的工程意义。High viscous heat generation and high-temperature rise of the end face,in the end,clearance are significant and common issues in mechanical seals operating at high speeds.The grooves on the seal face substantially influence fluid heat transfer in the cross-scale clearance.Researchers have determined that the temperature rise of the seal end face can be significantly reduced by incorporating an annular groove on the inner diameter side of the seal ring.This study develops thermohydrodynamic(THD)lubrication models of a deep annular groove-deep spiral groove compound end configuration(ASG)and a classical deep spiral groove end configuration(SG)using ANSYS Fluent to further examine its heat transfer process and cooling mechanisms.In these turbulent computational models,the heat transfer process of the annular groove is compared and analyzed,its cooling mechanisms are revealed,and the impacts of its geometric parameters on the mechanical seal performance and cooling effect are explored.The results indicate that the viscous shear heat of the fluid in the annular groove area decreases considerably due to the large film thickness and minimal shear effect,which effectively reduces the temperature of the lubricating liquid film and the seal face.The cooling effect of the annular groove can be enhanced by up to 15 K with the appropriate increase in groove depth and width,resulting in a temperature rise decrease of about 33%.Furthermore,the cooling effect of the annular groove reduces the fluid viscosity loss,enhancing the bearing and tribological performance of the deep annular groove-deep spiral groove compound end configuration(ASG)compared to the classical deep spiral groove end configuration(SG).The annular groove also increases the radial pressure gradient on the inner radial side of the sealing ring,which leads to a higher seal leakage rate,and the leakage fluid removes more viscous heat per unit time.Additionally,the presence of the annular groove increases the convective heat transfer area of the high-temperature fl

关 键 词：机械密封 环形槽 深螺旋槽 湍流 热流体动力润滑 降温机理 计算流体动力学 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]