养老院老年人日常生活活动能力现状及其影响因素分析  

Current situation and influencing factors of daily living activities in the elderly living in nursing homes

作　　者：刘曼婷 孙晓敏 王嘉露 邢少娜 聂鹏 张田香[4] 吴谦[1] LIU Manting;SUN Xiaomin;WANG Jialu;XING Shaona;NIE Peng;ZHANG Tianxiang;WU Qian(School of Public Health,Department of Medicine,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061;Modern Rehabilitation Medical Care College of Shanxi Energy Institute,Xianyang 712000;School of Economics and Finance,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061;The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共卫生学院,710061 [2]陕西能源职业技术学院现代康养学院,712000 [3]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,710061 [4]西安交通大学第一附属医院,710061

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2024年第5期66-69,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(编号:21JK0083)。

摘　　要：目的分析养老院老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL)现状及其影响因素,为提升养老院老年人生活质量提供参考依据。方法2023年4月至5月采用方便抽样对西安4家老年公寓546名老年人的一般情况、虚弱状况、营养状况、认知、近3个月是否跌倒、抑郁以及ADL现状进行问卷调查。采用多元Logistics回归模型分析ADL的影响因素。结果养老院老年人ADL状况中正常323人(59.2%)、轻度受损122人(22.3%)、中度受损46人(8.4%)、重度受损55人(10.1%)。年龄、可能患有肌少症、虚弱前期、认知缺损、近3个月有跌倒是ADL受损的危险因素。结论养老院老年人群体ADL受损现状处于较高水平,影响因素复杂多样,应从个人、养老机构和社会等多角度采取措施,提高老年人生命晚期的生活质量。Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of daily living activities(ADL)among the elderly population in nursing homes,and provide reference for improving their ADL and quality of life.Methods From April to May 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 546 elderly people in four elderly apartments in Xi'an using convenience sampling,including their general situation,weakness,nutritional status,cognition,whether they have fallen,depression,and ADL status.Using a multiple logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of ADL.Results 323 elderly people in nursing homes had normal ADL status(59.2%),122 elderly people had mild damage(22.3%),46 elderly people had moderate damage(8.4%),and 55 elderly people had severe damage(10.1%).Age,possible sarcopenia,pre-weakness,cognitive impairment,and falling in the past 3 months are risk factors for ADL impairment.Conclusion The current situation of ADL impairment among elderly people in nursing homes is at a moderate to low level,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse.Measures should be taken from the perspectives of individuals,elderly care institutions,and society to improve the quality of life of elderly people in their later stages of life.

关 键 词：日常生活活动能力 老年人 影响因素 养老院 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]