生态环境法典中人大监督的制度构建  

Institutional Construction of National People's Congress Supervision in the Ecological Environment Code

作　　者：秦正 Qin Zheng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第6期49-59,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代生态文明建设目标评价考核制度优化研究”(22&ZD138)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生态环境法典的编撰条件已经基本成熟,生态环境法典中如何容纳党和国家监督体系,如何通过外部监督机制确保行政权力的有效运行,是生态环境法典设计中不可忽视的问题。在党和国家监督体系中,人大监督是至关重要的一环。生态环境法典中是否有必要引入人大监督制度,能否引入人大监督制度,需要从必要性和可行性两个角度证成。一方面,基于人大监督的功能定位、国家环境保护义务的实现、跨区域协同立法的现实困境三个因素的考量,有必要在生态环境法典中对人大监督制度进行统一安排;另一方面,从规范理据、实践依据、立法效果三个角度,生态环境法典中对人大监督制度进行统一化安排具有可行性。未来应以优化以及填补人大监督制度空白为切入点,完成生态环境法典中人大监督制度的初步构建,通过优化人大监督工作制度以及构建区域人大协同监督工作机制,实现生态环境领域人大监督的制度化、规范化。The conditions for the compilation of the ecological environment code have basically matured,how to accommodate the party and state supervision system in the ecological environment code,and how to ensure the effective operation of the administrative power through the external supervision mechanism,is the ecological environment code design can not be ignored.In the supervision system of the Party and the state,supervision by the National People's Congress(NPC)is a crucial part.Whether it is necessary to introduce the NPC supervision system into the ecological environment code and whether it can be introduced into the NPC supervision system needs to be proved from two perspectives:necessity and feasibility.On the one hand,based on the consideration of three factors,namely,the functional positioning of NPC supervision,the realization of national environmental protection obligations,and the realistic dilemma of cross-regional coordinated legislation,it is necessary to make uniform arrangements for the NPC supervision system in the ecological environment code;on the other hand,from the perspectives of normative justification,practical basis,and legislative effect,it is feasible to make uniform arrangements for the NPC supervision system in the ecological environment code.In the future,we should optimize and fill the gaps in the supervision system of the National People's Congress as an entry point to complete the preliminary construction of the supervision system of the National People's Congress in the ecological environment code,and realize the institutionalization and standardization of the supervision of the National People's Congress in the field of the ecological environment through the optimization of the supervision system of the National People's Congress as well as the construction of the regional National People's Congress coordinated supervision mechanism.

关 键 词：生态环境法典 人大监督 党和国家监督体系 环境保护 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]