财产视角下的碳排放治理:气候法学的权利构造  

Governing carbon emissions from a property perspective:the construction of rights in the jurisprudence of climate change

作　　者：朱冰[1] ZHU Bing(Law School,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第9期1-9,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“大气环境问题的市场治理:气候法学的权利范式”(批准号:23YJA820036)。

摘　　要：温室气体排放造成的气候变化和环境问题已成全球普遍关切,中国“双碳”目标下限制CO_(2)排放和高效利用资源的市场化改革及立法规制需要采用赋予权利的方式。该研究将温室气体排放的市场交易与财产权利的规范结构联系起来进行分析,论证碳排放问题市场治理的本质,即排放行为的权利化过程。研究发现:①当碳排放作为大气利用方式被负载了道德因素的价值内涵,即生态环境要求,大气上财产权的构造需要扩展财产概念的法律意涵,承认大气的生态环境价值也具有一定的商品性(财产),将现在被视为神圣的东西——气候的生态环境的道德要求能够被视为资产,至少是部分“商品化”。②大气作为一种公共资源,在其上建构财产权利需要重新定义财产权内容,建构一个新的财产权系统及一个政府权力和私人财产相互组合的财产机制。③碳排放治理领域确权与监管的连接遵循元模式与对象模式的结构化特征,由单纯的“命令与控制”的行政监管,向与“市场与合作”的财产权统合模式转化。研究结果揭示深植于中国立法一般背景和制度实践的这些基本概念、类型和结构,可以被认为是中国大气生态环境法律治理的基础范畴,有助于对气候法学一般理论的理解和建构,中国“碳市场”建设正是沿着这一理论框架的逻辑轨线展开和调整。Climate change and environmental damage caused by carbon emissions have become global concerns.In the context of China's effort to achieve the‘dual carbon’goals,this study proposes a rights-granting model involving market-oriented reform and legal innovation to control carbon emissions and utilize resources efficiently.Through an analytical approach that integrates the market trading of carbon emissions with the normative structure of property rights,this study emphasizes the essence of market control over carbon emissions,which refers to the process of granting rights surrounding carbon emissions.This study contends that:①If carbon emissions,as a means of using the atmospheric resource,are charged with the moral value of ecological protection,it is necessary to expand the concept of property to include the ecological environmental value of the atmosphere.Meanwhile,it is worth recognizing it as a form of commodity(property),or based on sacred moral claims,to call it an asset,at least partially‘commoditized.’②There is a need to redefine the content of property rights in order to establish property rights over public atmospheric resources and to introduce a new system of property rights,in which state power and private property can be combined.③In accordance with the structural characteristics of the meta-model and the object model,the connection between the granting of rights and administrative stewardship in the domain of carbon emissions has gone beyond the traditional paradigm and has shifted from the simple,supervisory model of‘command and control’to the integrative approach dedicated to the property rights of‘market and cooperation.’This research further reveals that the basic concepts,types,and structures derived from the general framework of China's legal system could be used to enrich the understanding of atmospheric ecological governance and thus advance the general jurisprudence of climate change.This theoretical trajectory should inform the development and improvement of China's ca

关 键 词：碳市场 财产理论 制度经验 中国实践 

分 类 号：DF469[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]