股东协议的组织法效力边界研究  

Boundary of Shareholders Agreements'Effectiveness in Organizational Law

作　　者：李建伟[1] LI Jian-wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第6期68-81,共14页Contemporary Law Review

摘　　要：封闭公司的股东通常通过股东协议参与公司治理,即以私人契约补充甚至替代决议这一正式治理机制,由此关涉组织法与契约法之关系,核心议题即股东协议替代正式治理机制的边界何在。股东协议的双重属性决定其受行为法、组织法的共同规制,且重心在后者,于此背景下考查其效力、治理效应及边界,需关注其与强制性规范的效力位序,更要处理好其与章程、股东会决议等其他股东自治方式的融合与冲突,以实现契约自由与社会公正的平衡。全体股东协议,基于合同相对性原理,原则上仅约束股东群体,如涉足公司治理的其他场域,则需跳出相对性桎梏作必要的效力延伸;部分股东协议,应恪守合同相对性,视其是否违反强制性规定以判定其效力或可履行性。基于以上认识,可望构建公司法上的股东协议的生效要件、效力范围、与章程及决议冲突的处理等系统规则,发挥协议、决议及章程等多种治理机制的协同效应,构建最佳的公司治理体系。In closely-held companies,shareholders usually participate in corporate governance through shareholders agreements,which act as private contracts that supplement or even replace formal governance mechanisms.This raises issues related to the relationship between organizational law and contract law,with the core issue being the boundaries within which shareholder agreements can replace formal governance mechanisms.The dual nature of the shareholders'agreement determine that it is subject to both behavioural law and organisational law,with a focus on the latter.From the perspective of the organisational law,the theory of corporate contract and corporate autonomy provide the foundation for the organisational law effect of shareholders agreements.To examine the organisational effect of the shareholders agreement in this context,it is necessary to pay attention to whether it exceeds the boundary of mandatory norms of the company law in terms of entity,and on how they integrate and potentially conflict with other forms of shareholder autonomy such as the articles of association and shareholders meeting resolutions in terms of procedural dimension,so as to achieve a balance between contractual freedom and social justice.Regarding the coordination of the effectiveness of the shareholders agreement with the shareholders meeting resolution and the articles of association is concerned,it is necessary to categorize the discussion based on the scope of the representations.Some shareholders agreement shall abide by the relativity of contract and shall not have the effect of organisational law,and whether or not it has the effect of contract law or performability depends on whether or not it violates the mandatory provisions of the company law.If a shareholders agreement conflicts with the shareholders meeting resolution and the articles of association,the shareholders agreement cannot represent the overall meaning of the shareholders due to the lack of procedural company safeguards,and therefore its effect is inferior.Based on

关 键 词：股东协议 组织法 股东自治 协议治理 决议治理 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]